Effect of blade sweep on inlet flow in axial compressor cascades

This paper presents comparative numerical studies to investigate the effects of blade sweep on inlet flow in axial compressor cascades. A series of swept and straight cascades was modeled in order to obtain a general understanding of the inlet flow field that is induced by sweep.A computational fluid dynamics(CFD) package was used to simulate the cascades and obtain the required three-dimensional(3D) flow parameters. A circumferentially averaged method was introduced which provided the circumferential fluctuation(CF) terms in the momentum equation.A program for data reduction was conducted to obtain a circumferentially averaged flow field.The influences of the inlet flow fields of the cascades were studied and spanwise distributions of each term in the momentum equation were analyzed. The results indicate that blade sweep does affect inlet radial equilibrium. The characteristic of radial fluid transfer is changed and thus influencing the axial velocity distributions. The inlet flow field varies mainly due to the combined effect of the radial pressure gradient and the CF component. The axial velocity varies consistently with the incidence variation induced by the sweep, as observed in the previous literature. In addition, factors that might influence the radial equilibrium such as blade camber angles, solidity and the effect of the distance from the leading edge are also taken into consideration and comparatively analyzed.     

临近空间高速飞行器抛罩过程的动网格方法对比

飞行器抛罩是一个复杂的动力学、流体力学耦合问题,涉及六自由度运动方程与N-S方程的耦合求解,其中动网格非定常计算是关键技术。针对二维临近空间高速飞行器,将耦合过程简化为匀速旋转抛罩,对比分析了光顺重构法、重叠网格法、域动分层法三种工程易行的动网格方法的仿真结果,并得到如下结论:三种方法在整流罩关闭状态下的定常流场结果一致,均能捕捉到非定常开罩过程的典型特征,得到正确的起动结果;在非定常过程中光顺重构法的分离区吞入速度慢于重叠网格法和域动分层法;重叠网格法的计算通用性最好,域动分层法的计算速度最快,光顺重构法的理论精度最高;由于光顺重构法的网格更新对于复杂模型容易失败,域动分层法只能处理运动轨迹已知的问题,三维动力学耦合计算建议采用重叠网格法;在进行整流罩的三维设计时,应考虑溢流效应以缩小整流罩前方的大分离区,降低飞行器的控制及热防护上的困难。     

进气道内激波/边界层干扰及控制研究进展

进气道作为高速航空航天飞行器的重要气动部件,对飞行器的气动力特性、结构重量、隐身性能等有显著影响。激波/边界层干扰现象是高速进气道内普遍存在的一类流动现象,对进气道的性能有突出的影响。发生于进气道内的激波/边界层干扰现象主要可分为正激波/边界层干扰、斜激波/边界层干扰以及三维激波/边界层干扰几类,由于受到侧壁壁面和进气道内背景波系的影响,这些干扰现象偏离了传统基于简化模型的研究结果,具有显著的耦合干扰特征,干扰区间内三维特征明显。概述了发生于进气道内的激波/边界层干扰特性及相关研究进展,并对目前进气道内激波/边界层干扰现象的控制方法进行了总结。     

低损失融合式预旋喷嘴设计与研究

为减小整个预旋系统的流动损失,首先对带预旋集气腔进气孔、预旋集气腔、预旋喷嘴的冷气预旋流路进行了分析,发现进气孔和集气腔会导致预旋喷嘴进口流场不均匀,相较于进口均匀条件,预旋喷嘴总压损失系数增大0.026。在此基础上提出了一种将预旋集气腔进气孔、预旋集气腔和预旋喷嘴融合设计的低损失融合式预旋喷嘴设计方案,分析表明:融合式预旋喷嘴能有效减小冷气在预旋系统内的流动损失,在设计工况总压损失系数减小0.032,并使冷气在预旋系统内流动更加均匀,提升了预旋系统的整体性能。     

进口预旋条件下波瓣混合器强制掺混机理

以波瓣混合器为研究对象,通过试验和数值计算的方法研究了其强制射流掺混的机理及进口预旋对射流掺混的作用机制.结果表明:κ-ωSST模型能较好地模拟波瓣射流掺混过程;波瓣贯穿区径向压力梯度所诱导的大尺度流向涡在射流掺混过程中起支配作用;与轴向进气工况相比,进口预旋导致附加流向涡对及中心锥下游回流区的形成,强化了射流涡系间相互作用,加速了射流掺混过程.     

不同燃料燃烧加热对超燃冲压发动机性能影响的分析与评估

为了评估不同燃料燃烧加热的空气污染对超燃冲压发动机性能的影响,重点研究了相同流动匹配条件下四种不同燃料燃烧加热的超燃冲压发动机性能(氢、甲烷、酒精和煤油)。对相同流动匹配条件下,地面模拟飞行Ma=6,高度25km的超燃冲压发动机流道性能采用数值模拟进行了评估,并将之与飞行条件下的发动机性能进行了对比分析。结果表明,不同加热方式对进气道升力和升阻比有显著影响(升力最大差异>8%,升阻比最大差异>6%),对超燃冲压发动机性能也有显著影响,比推最大差异97N·s/kg,燃烧效率最大差异11%。      

超燃进气道激波/湍流边界层干扰

针对超燃进气道湍流边界层/激波干扰引起的分离问题,采用基于5阶WENO数值格式的大涡模拟(LES)方法开展流场湍流非定常预测,旨在分析进气道湍流化技术实现进气道起动的可行性。研究表明,平板激波/湍流边界层干扰(STBLI)问题,LES方法能够清晰、可靠预测反射、分离激波形成过程及激波与充分发展湍流边界层的相互干扰,定量结果与试验一致;进气道研究方面,层流状态下,激波干扰产生强分离,导致进气道堵塞,而采用湍流化控制后试验和计算均表明流场分离明显减小,流场稳定且无明显堵塞现象,进气道可以起动,总压恢复系数达到要求,该结果表明,利用强湍流化减弱分离,实现进气道起动思想是可行的。      

MHD控制激波诱导边界层分离的机理

激波边界层相互作用是高超声速飞行器面临的重大问题,激波入射到平板引起的边界层分离是其中最具代表性的一种。用加权的3阶ENN格式计算了小磁雷诺数近似的MHD方程,研究了MHD控制层流边界层分离的机理。数值结果显示,通过局部电离空气并施加洛伦兹力,能使分离点向下游移动,分离区尺寸减小,从而抑制和缓解由于激波-边界层相互作用而引起的分离。     

基于面元法的分布式涵道推进系统进气道优化设计

分布式涵道推进系统被认为是一种高效率的动力布局形式,其中进气道如何使气流低损失地快速过渡到数个圆形截面的涵道风扇进口是一个亟需探索的设计问题。以分布式涵道推进系统进气道过渡段为研究对象,基于面元计算方法,发展了一种进气道内流动的快速数值预测手段。应用所发展面元法数值方法结合进气道的超椭圆参数化方法、自适应优化算法建立了分布式涵道推进系统进气道的无经验优化设计方法。以某型悬停状态的分布式涵道推进垂直起降飞行器为例,使用该设计方法实现了从无圆滑过渡的简单初始几何到气动指标符合优化预期的光顺几何的优化设计。基于RANS的三维数值分析表明：所优化设计的进气道相比于初始几何总压畸变系数(DC)从0.0086降低到0.0067,低于基于经验设计的参考几何（DC=0.0073）,且流场无明显分离及旋涡,确认了这种具有高时间效率的无经验设计方法的有效性。     

Response and stabilization of a two-stage axial flow compressor restricted by rotating inlet distortion

This paper considers effects of Rotating Inlet Distortion (RID) on a two-stage axial compressor and the stabilization effects of a casing treatment subjected to the considered RID. In multi-spool engines, the downstream compressor suffers a RID when the upstream fan/compressor is in rotating stall. A controlled rotating sectional screen upstream of the compressor was adopted to generate the RID in different intensities, and co- or counter spinning direction compared with the rotor. The response of the compressor to inlet distortion was interpreted as the changes of stall margin. Results show that there are two peaks for the stall margin degradation where the distortion screen rotates near 20% and 70% of the rotor’s rotational frequency, respectively. Based on the measurements taken during the pre-stall process, it is suggested that the two frequencies are associated with the eigen frequencies of the compressor. Specifically, the first is associated with a stall precursor that is suspected as an initial disturbance existing in compressor and the second is related to a spike-type stall precursor. At last, a kind of Stall Precursor-Suppressed (SPS) casing treatment was applied to enhance the compressor stability in RID conditions. The result indicates that the stall margin is improved by 6% at an average level and there is nearly no efficiency loss caused by the application of such casing treatment.