基于均值漂移算法的冷空炽热体红外目标跟踪

Mean Shift（均值漂移）算法对彩色序列图像目标跟踪是有效的,而对红外目标跟踪是不稳健的。本文对Mean Shift算法做适当改进,将其用于冷空炽热体红外目标跟踪。先对红外图像做伽马变换,把目标从背景中分离出来;用直方图非均匀量化改进传统Mean Shift算法量化方式,提高目标定位准确性。仿真结果表明,该方法对冷空炽热体红外目标跟踪是有效的和稳健的。     

Status of the Stratospheric Observatory for Infrared Astronomy (SOFIA)

The Stratospheric Observatory for Infrared Astronomy (SOFIA), a joint US/German project, is a 2.5-m infrared airborne telescope carried by a Boeing 747-SP that flies in the stratosphere at altitudes as high as 45,000 ft (13.72 km). This facility is capable of observing from 0.3 μm to 1.6 mm with an average transmission greater than 80% averaged over all wavelengths. SOFIA will be staged out of the NASA Dryden Flight Research Center aircraft operations facility at Palmdale, CA. The SOFIA Science Mission Operations (SMO) will be located at NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA. First science flights began in 2010 and a full operations schedule of up to one hundred 8 to 10 hour-long flights per year will be reached by 2014. The observatory is expected to operate until the mid-2030s. SOFIA’s initial complement of seven focal plane instruments includes broadband imagers, moderate-resolution spectrographs that will resolve broad features due to dust and large molecules, and high-resolution spectrometers capable of studying the kinematics of atomic and molecular gas at sub-km/s resolution. We describe the SOFIA facility and outline the opportunities for observations by the general scientific community and for future instrumentation development. The operational characteristics of the SOFIA first-generation instruments are summarized. The status of the flight test program is discussed and we show First Light images obtained at wavelengths from 5.4 to 37 μm with the FORCAST imaging camera. Additional information about SOFIA is available at http://www.sofia.usra.edu and http://www.sofia.usra.edu/Science/docs/SofiaScienceVision051809-1.pdf.     

Infrared detection,review of existing and future devices

I present the current status of arrays of detectors operating in the 1–200 micron range, restricted to mature devices, and two recent concepts of infrared detection which could lead to future developments.     

基于开关技术的数控恒流源

本文重点介绍一种高效率的基于开关技术的数控恒流源。作者在线路的设计、整机工作原理、器件选择及纹波电流的抑制等方面做了详细介绍。     

涡扇发动机最小红外特征模式性能寻优控制研究

为抑制涡扇发动机排气系统的红外特征,提出一种基于红外预测模型的最小红外特征模式性能寻优控制。首先,建立一种排气系统正后向红外辐射强度简化预测模型,该预测方法考虑了排气系统内高温部件和尾喷流的红外辐射,以及尾喷流对高温部件红外辐射的吸收作用,具有可信的仿真精度;其次,基于涡扇发动机部件级实时仿真模型,增加了从外涵引气冷却中心锥和尾喷管扩张段内壁的冷却结构和红外预测模块;最后,基于该模型探索了最小红外特征模式的优化原理,并选用可行序列二次规划(FSQP)算法,通过控制高温壁面冷却气的流量,主燃烧室的燃油量以及尾喷管喉道面积,对两个亚声速巡航状态的工作点进行实时优化。仿真结果表明:在满足发动机推力恒定以及其他约束条件的前提下,发动机通过最小红外特征模式性能寻优控制,其排气系统后向红外辐射下降了30%以上,红外抑制效果显著。     

突加高能载荷作用下航空发动机结构动态响应及安全性综述

航空发动机在服役期间可能遭受鸟撞、叶片丢失等突加高能载荷的作用,造成发动机整机/部件动力学特性恶化和关键构件的损伤,危及发动机的结构安全性。本文从突加高能载荷复现方法与传递规律、突加高能载荷作用下转子/整机结构响应研究、突加高能载荷作用下关键构件损伤机理三个方面综述了现有研究工作,并针对近年来发展的抗突加高能载荷的安全性设计方法进行了探讨,最后分析了突加高能载荷问题的科学本质及发展趋势,为突加高能载荷作用下航空发动机安全性设计提供了重要参考。     

红外隐身涂层及对雷达吸波性能的影响

研究了红外雷达兼容隐身涂层红外发射率及雷达波隐身兼容性的影响因素,包括填料的类型、质量分数及涂层厚度。研究表明,以填充30wt%的HW-3型铝粉为填料,制备的涂层厚度为20μm时,涂层红外发射率达到0.25,能大幅降低材料表明红外辐射温度,且对微波隐身兼容性良好。     

空间特定目标表面的双波段红外辐射特性调控方法

红外诱饵等空间特定目标是对抗红外探测的主要手段之一。随着双色制导技术的发展,红外探测灵敏度不断提升,目标识别能力不断增强,这对空间特定目标表面的双波段红外辐射的逼真性提出了要求。通过改变空间特定目标表面发射率控制其红外辐射强度的大小,使用数值仿真的方法进行计算,从而提出了对空间特定目标表面红外辐射特性的调控方法。此外根据所确定的表面发射率、可见光吸收及红外发射比例以及内热源功率,选择合适的表面材料以及热功率施加方法,在保证空间特定目标表面机械性能的同时,使空间特定目标满足光照及阴影区的双波段红外辐射特性要求,并进行模型的制作以及热真空实验,证明了理论计算的准确性。     

Black hole accretion and X-ray spectra of QSOS

Changes in Eddington accretion ratios are thought to result in X-ray spectral index changes in Galactic binary black hole systems. Objects with higher Eddington ratios have softer X-ray spectra. Can we apply this result to much more massive black hole systems such as QSOs? If so, X-ray observations will give us valuable insight into the physics of QSOs. Among QSOs, X-ray spectral index is part of a large set of correlated optical and UV observational properties, especially optical Fe II and [O III] strengths in the Hβ region. To investigate whether this set of correlations is related to Eddington ratio, we use as probes, BALQSOs that have been suggested to be youthful super-accretors. We conducted infrared spectroscopy of the Hβ rest wavelength region for a sample of BALQSOs and compared line measurements with those for high and low redshift non-BAL QSOs. Hβ line widths and bolometric luminosity are used to calculate QSO black hole masses and Eddington ratios. Our results support the hypothesis that optical Fe II and [O III] line strengths are Eddington ratio indicators in QSO central engines. A possible explanation is that strong Fe II and weak [O III] indicate abundant cold gas that could fuel near Eddington accretion.     

基于信息论匀质性测度的各向异性扩散相干斑抑制算法

 针对传统各向异性扩散抑斑算法存在的均匀区域噪声平滑不充分、边缘随迭代弱化及迭代次数的确定缺乏理论指导等问题,提出了一种新的各向异性扩散抑斑算法,该算法采用信息论匀质性测度作为图像中匀质区域与边缘的鉴别因子,使扩散系数能够更准确地控制扩散强度与扩散速率,从而达到充分平滑均匀区域噪声及保护边缘的目的。基于各向异性扩散方程求解与鲁棒误差范数最小化的等效性,提出了一种各向异性扩散方程的迭代停止准则。利用合成孔径雷达图像对本文算法的抑斑和边缘保持性能进行了仿真实验验证。结果表明,本文算法在均匀区域相干斑噪声抑制、边缘保持等方面均取得了优于传统算法的效果。