主流湍流度对涡轮导叶吸力面W型气膜孔冷却效率影响的实验研究

为了获得亚声速涡轮导叶吸力面不同位置处单排W型气膜孔的气膜冷却特性，在短周期跨声速风洞中实验研究了吹风比、主流湍流度对W型气膜孔冷却效率的影响。两列单排气膜孔分别布置在吸力面16%和21%相对弧长处，实验进口雷诺数范围为3.0×10⁵~9.0×10⁵，吹风比范围是0.5~2.0，叶栅出口等熵马赫数为0.8，高低湍流度分别为14.7% 和1.3%。实验结果表明：低湍流度时孔排1和孔排2下游的气膜冷却效率都随吹风比的增大先增大后减小，最佳吹风比分别为BR=1.2和BR=0.8。由于孔排1和孔排2所处位置的主流边界层状态不同，导致湍流度对于气膜冷却效率有不同的影响。对于孔排1，大吹风比时高湍流度使冷气核心向壁面移动，提高了气膜冷却效率；而小吹风比时，湍流度对冷却效率的影响随雷诺数升高而减弱。对于孔排2，大吹风比时高湍流度提高了孔附近区域的冷却效率，同时加快了冷却效率沿流向下降的速度，而在小吹风比时高湍流度显著降低了孔排下游气膜冷却效率。     

直升机动力舱冷却系统冷却孔进气优化设计

对某型民用直升机动力舱冷却系统冷却孔的进气性能开展优化研究,参考飞机辅助动力单元(Applicant power unit,APU)进气系统形式设计了两类收风装置。采用数值仿真手段,对比分析在多个速度的前飞状态和不同爬升率的爬升状态下3处冷却孔的进气性能。结果显示基于Scoop型设计的收风装置在直升机大速度前飞状态收风效果最好,但在小速度前飞状态进气性能没有得到改善。基于Flush型设计的收风装置同样具有改善进气性能的作用,其最显著优点是在所有飞行状态均保证较高的冷却进气量。为后续的优化设计研究工作指明了方向。     

加工钛合金大口径深盲孔的研究

钛合金属难加工材料,其深孔加工的难度更为突出,加工质量不易保证。本文通过实验对比,对加工钛合金大口径深盲孔中出现的偏孔、切屑堵塞、切削振动、刀具破损等主要问题进行了分析,提出了解决办法,得出了切削用量的优化参数。由于钛合金的化学亲和作用,深孔加工刀具的导向条表面易于粘附,结果拉伤已加工表面,造成表面粗糙度上升。加大导向条与孔壁的间隙虽可减少导向条表面的粘附,但同时会引起切削振动的加剧。针对这一矛盾,本文着重对加工刀具的导向条分布、导向条与孔壁的间隙以及导向条的选材方面进行了探讨,提出了以非金属导向条代替硬质合金导向条进行钛合金深孔精加工的方法,使得已加工表面的粗糙度大大降低。这些研究结果对实际加工具有一定的指导作用。     

基于流体网络法的喷管冷却气流量分配计算方法

流体网络法对喷管气膜冷却问题具有独特的优势,但难以反映出入流对冷却气流道静压变化的影响。针对此引入了可反映出入流导致静压变化的管道元件,并基于孔口速度落后角对静压变化量进行了建模。验证算例表明,这一改进使沿程静压变化趋势与实际吻合较好,使冷却气流量分配计算误差降低到0.5%以下。将改进后的流体网络法与主流通道的计算流体力学模拟耦合用于分析喷管冷却气流量分配,与全计算流体力学模拟相比结果差异小于1.2%,且大幅降低计算量;在某型喷管设计中的应用表明,可以有效反映冷却结构改变对冷却气流量分配的影响。      

水平喷流对叶顶气膜冷却效率影响的数值研究

为进一步提高燃气轮机叶顶区域的气膜冷却效率,在叶顶模型结构上对4种叶顶冷却结构的流动和传热进行了数值模拟,结果显示带有盖板的水平喷流结构能够有效地提高叶顶区域的气膜冷却效率,对于圆孔,可以将气膜冷却效率提高至原来的2倍以上.通过流场的分析发现:水平喷流结构可以调整冷却工质的流动,使得冷却工质的贴壁性更好、分布更加均匀,进而提高气膜冷却效率.此外还研究了间隙宽度、盖板尾缘厚度、盖度和整流栅对水平喷流结构气膜冷却效率的影响.结果表明:增加盖度和减小间隙宽度可以提高气膜冷却效率,但是盖度和间隙宽度的选取受到了强度、工艺和冷却工质入口压力等因素的限制.水平盖板结构的冷却效果比倾斜盖板结构的好.整流栅足够长时可以调整流动、提高气膜冷却效率.      

Flow field design and process stability in electrochemical machining of diamond holes

The metal grille, commonly composed of an amount of diamond holes, has been grow-ingly used as a key structure on stealth aircraft. Electrochemical machining (ECM) promises to be increasingly applied in aircraft manufacturing on the condition that process stability is guaranteed. In this work, a flow field model was designed to improve the process stability. This model is endowed with a variety of flow channel features, together with vibrating feeding modes. The flow field distribution on the bottom surface of the diamond hole was discussed and evaluated as well. The numerical results show that a short arc flow channel could significantly enhance the uniformity of electrolyte velocity distribution and a vibrating feeding of the cathode enables to reduce both fluctuations of the electrolyte velocity and pressure on the bottom surface of the diamond hole. Consequently, the flow field mutations were eliminated. It is verified from the experimental results that a short arc flow channel, when combined with vibrating feeding, is capable of improving machining localization and process stability markedly. What is more, the side gap on the bottom surface of the diamond hole could also be reduced by the abovementioned approach.     

涡轮叶片先进气膜冷却与相关激光打孔技术进展

航空发动机涡轮叶片依赖于高温基体、热障陶瓷涂层和气膜冷却技术实现高的工作温度,进而实现高的燃油效率和推重比.介绍了气膜冷却技术的演化趋势,并通过猫耳异型孔与直圆孔的仿真对比,指出复杂异型气膜孔的重要性.进一步论述了单步加工异型孔的必要性和工艺方案,指出为解决单晶叶片异型孔加工难题,超短脉冲激光加工虽然成为研究热点,但水助激光加工更应该引起重视.     

Numerical simulation of aerodynamic interaction for a tilt rotor aircraft in helicopter mode

A rotor CFD solver is developed for simulating the aerodynamic interaction phenomenon among rotor, wing and fuselage of a tilt rotor aircraft in its helicopter mode. The unsteady Navier–Stokes equations are discretized in inertial frame and embedded grid system is adopted for describing the relative motion among blades and nacelle/wing/fuselage. A combination of multi-layer embedded grid and ‘‘extended hole fringe" technique is complemented in original grid system to tackle grid assembly difficulties arising from the narrow space among different aerodynamic components, and to improve the interpolation precision by decreasing the cell volume discrepancy among different grid blocks. An overall donor cell searching and automatic hole cutting technique is used for grid assembly, and the solution processes are speeded up by introduction of Open MP parallel method. Based on this solver, flow fields and aerodynamics of a tilt rotor aircraft in hover are simulated with several rotor collective angles, and the corresponding states of an isolated rotor and rotor/wing/fuselage model are also computed to obtain reference solution.Aerodynamic interference influences among the rotor and wing/fuselage/nacelle are analyzed,and some meaningful conclusions are drawn.