板式空心角锥棱镜的研制

在远距离测量、特别是距离达到一公里左右时,角锥棱镜几乎是唯一可行的反射器件。远距离测量的需求是增大角锥棱镜的通光口径,以便于捕捉目标,并增大反射光的能量。常用的整体式角锥棱镜,以及国外的柱式空心角锥棱镜,随着通光口径的增大,都会显著增加棱镜的体积与重量,造成使用不便与工艺困难。解决办法是采用板式结构,经试验,通光口径为80mm的板式空心角锥棱镜,工作距离可达一公里以上,出射光对入射光的平行度达角秒级,体积与重量在可以接受的范围内,而且可以降低工艺难度。     

一种提高空心阴极推力器推力的发射体外置方法

为提高空心阴极推力器的比冲,研究了空心阴极发射体外置的方法,对比研究了发射体外置和内置两种结构的空心阴极推力器的推力和比冲,发现发射体外置的结构相比较于内置结构能够增加推力器的推力和比冲。进一步研究发现,发射体外置的空心阴极推力器引出的离子电流、离子能量要明显高于发射体内置的空心阴极推力器,可以推断发射体外置的阴极推力器存在离子加速喷出增大推力和比冲的机制。     

Experimental investigation on deformation behavior of TJ-1 lunar soil simulant subjected to principal stress rotation

The knowledge of mechanical properties of lunar soil is of fundamental importance for the coming exploration of the Moon. This paper aims to investigate the fundamental deformation behavior of lunar soil and the effects of the intermediate principal stress coefficient, deviatoric stress ratio, and mean stress during the principal stress rotation. First, an improved technique was proposed to generate homogeneous samples based on the Multi-layer Undercompaction Method. Second, three series of tests on TJ-1 lunar soil simulant under the principal stress rotation were performed with a hollow cylinder apparatus at Tongji University, China. In each series of tests, only one value of the three variables mentioned above was changed while the others were kept constant. The test results demonstrate that the rotation of principal stress can result in significant plastic deformation, volumetric strain, and non-coaxiality (non-coincidence of the increment direction of principal plastic strain with the principal stress direction) of TJ-1 lunar soil simulant. In addition, it is found that the intermediate principal stress coefficient, deviatoric stress ratio, and mean stress have different influences on the four strain components, i.e. _εz,_εr,_εθ${\epsilon }_z\text{,}{\epsilon }_{\text{r}}\text{,}{\epsilon }_{\theta }$ and _γzθ${\gamma }_{z\theta }$, volumetric strain, and non-coaxiality during the principal stress rotation. The influence of deviatoric stress ratio is relatively stronger than the others. Therefore, the influence of principal stress rotation on the deformation behavior of lunar soil should be taken into account carefully in the design and construction of facilities on the lunar surface in the future.     

管道强制电流阴极保护电位计算的等效电阻法

针对受一个阴极保护站保护的埋地钢质管道,提出了管道电位和电流计算的等效电阻方法,并用解析方法推导出管道覆盖层破损后电位和电流的计算公式。等效电阻方法将所研究管道划分成若干管段,用一个电阻表示管段对轴向电流的阻碍作用,一个电阻表示对径向电流的阻碍作用,从而将管道强制电流阴极保护系统表示成一个等效电阻电路。利用网孔电流法求解该电路的网孔电流,并计算出管道各节点上的电位。计算结果表明,等效电阻方法得到的结果与解析法的计算结果完全吻合。该方法特别适合于管径和（或）过渡电阻发生变化的情况。     

铁电阴极用于小功率电推力器

分析了当前小功率电推力器对零流动无推进剂阴极的需求现状。提出铁电阴极用于小功率电推进中和器的可能性。研究了厚度为0．5mm的PLZT（锆钛镧酸铅）铁电陶瓷在低电压（1．0～1．2kV）条件下的电子发射性能。实验采用脉宽为1μs的单极性正高压脉冲作为激励源。在收集极获得了脉宽为320ns～3000ns,最高峰值为34A的发射电流。在10^-4乇的真空环境中得到了非常可靠的电子发射。     

整体叶轮数控展成电解加工阴极的设计

介绍了整体叶轮数控展成电解加工阴极的结构形式,重点给出内喷式阴极的设计方法,这对完善整体叶轮的数控展成电解加工有重要意义.     

离子电推进技术的发展现状与未来

离子电推进是最具代表性和技术成熟度的电推进技术类型之一。本文从放电室技术、离子光学系统技术、放电阴极和中和器阴极技术的优势、缺憾等方面,总结了离子电推进的技术发展现状。针对未来航天任务对离子电推进更大功率、更高比冲、更简系统等新需求,分析了传统离子电推进所面临的主要技术挑战,梳理出了环型离子电推进、双级加速离子电推进、自中和离子电推进、螺旋波放电离子电推进等创新离子电推进技术发展的未来方向。     

锂氟化碳电池用新型高比容量复合正极材料

采用提高正极材料比容量以改善大电流放电性能的思路,设计新型高比容量复合正极材料,并通过研磨分散结合融化扩散热处理方法制备氟化碳-硫复合正极材料。电化学测试分析表明新型复合材料可以实现同步改善容量和大电流放电性能,同时具有二次可逆循环充放电能力。研究结果表明:氟化碳-硫复合正极材料的能量密度和功率密度性能具有突出优势,在不同电流密度下均可实现显著的提升,相比纯氟化碳材料的能量密度和功率密度最高可分别提升 433%和 10.7%。     

A wall-thickness compensation strategy for wax pattern of hollow turbine blade

As an important index affecting the aerodynamic performance and the structural strength of hollow turbine blades, the wall-thickness precision of the blade is mainly inherited from the positional relationship between the corresponding wax pattern and the internal ceramic core. However, due to locating errors, the actual position of ceramic core is always deviated from the ideal position, which makes it difficult to guarantee the wall-thickness precision of the wax pattern. To solve this problem, a wall-thickness compensation strategy is proposed in this paper. Firstly, based on the industrial computed tomography (ICT) technique and curve matching algorithms, a model reconstruction method is developed, with which the 3D model of a trial wax pattern can be easily constructed. After that, focusing on eliminating the wall-thickness errors of the trial wax pattern, an optimization method for the pose of the ceramic core in the wax pattern is proposed. Then, by mapping the optimal pose of the ceramic core to length adjustments of the locating rods, the wall-thickness errors of the wax pattern can be greatly reduced. A case study is also given to illustrate the effectiveness of the proposed compensation strategy.     

无加热器空心阴极的击穿电压特性研究

为预估无加热器空心阴极(HHC)的击穿电压,基于汤森放电理论结合对起始击穿路径判定方法,建立一种击穿电压预估的新算法(JBP法)。接着,开展HHC击穿试验以验证该算法的计算精度,计算与试验所得的击穿电压-气体流率曲线(BV-fr)具有较好的吻合度,误差范围在2.1%～5.6%,并且,揭示BV-fr曲线的“类直线”特性,以证明JBP算法的合理性。在此基础上,对HHC不同关键尺寸下的BV-fr曲线进行数值计算。结果表明,随气体流率升高,HHC的起始击穿路径总会从长路径向短路径转移,而增加间隙中最长路径的长度可以有效实现低流率下的击穿电压降低。