利用重要性采样的时差-频差联合估计算法

针对无源定位中参考信号真实值未知的时差(TDOA)-频差(FDOA)联合估计问题,构建了一种新的时差-频差最大似然(ML)估计模型,并采用重要性采样(IS)方法求解似然函数极大值,得到时差-频差联合估计。算法通过生成时差-频差样本,并统计样本加权均值得到估计值,克服了传统互模糊函数(CAF)算法只能得到时域和频域采样间隔整数倍估计值的问题,且不存在期望最大化(EM)等迭代算法的初值依赖和收敛问题。推导了时差-频差联合估计的克拉美罗下界(CRLB),并通过仿真实验表明,算法的计算复杂度适中,估计精度优于CAF算法和EM算法,在不同信噪比条件下估计误差接近CRLB。     

航空自组网STDMA时隙分配算法的设计与实现

航空自组网(AANET)是一种节点高速运动、网络拓扑持续快速变化的新型自组织网络。针对AANET的特点,提出了一种新的时分多址(TDMA)时隙分配方法。首先,根据高动态航空网络环境中媒体访问控制(MAC)协议的特点,推导出可以共用一个时隙进行通信的连接集合的计算方法,并建立了面向连接的空间复用TDMA(STDMA)时隙分配优化数学模型。然后,提出一种分布式STDMA时隙分配算法IDTA。IDTA不需要中心节点收集网络信息,分为2个同步的进程在发送节点和接收节点同时运行,而且能够根据连接的优先级按需分配时隙。最后,在OMNeT++仿真平台上建立计算机仿真模型,仿真结果显示:IDTA比其他分布式STDMA时隙分配算法更加适用于高动态的航空网络环境。     

L波段有源冷噪声源研究

本文介绍了有源冷噪声源的应用背景及发展现状。根据微波场效应晶体管常温下输出稳定低噪声的特性，以Avago公司的两种典型pHEMT晶体管为核心器件进行了ADS仿真设计，研制出两款有源冷噪声源。给出了对设计的两款器件的技术指标进行验证的L波段周期定标辐射计设计框图。仿真结果表明，以pHEMT型晶体管为核心器件设计成的L波段有源冷噪声源能输出稳定低噪声。     

基于加权多元线性回归的两步式时间同步算法

时间同步在通信、计算机、测控等网络中是一项重要技术。针对目标时钟在多同步源时的时间同步问题,从统计学中参数估计的角度建模,提出了一种基于WMLR (Weighted Multiple Linear Regression,加权多元线性回归)的两步式时间同步算法。此算法分为粗同步和精同步2个阶段,通过给不同的时间信息加权的方式提高同步精度,并且可以计算不同同步源之间存在的系统误差。结果表明,这一算法通过合理应用来自不同同步源的时间信息,可以提高时间同步的精度及稳定性。由于模型的普遍性,这一基于WMLR的算法也可以应用于其他类似的多源参数估计的场景中。     

Analysis of reaction torque-based control of a redundant free-floating space robot

Owing to the dynamics coupling between a free-floating base and a manipulator,the non-stationary base of a space robot will face the issue of base disturbance due to a manipulator's motion.The reaction torque acted on the satellite base's centroid is an important index to measure the satellite base's disturbance.In this paper,a comprehensive analysis of the reaction torque is made,and a novel way to derive the analytical form of the reaction torque is proposed.In addition,the reaction torque null-space is derived,in which the manipulator's joint motion is dynamically decoupled from the motion of the satellite base,and its novel expression demonstrates the equivalence between the reaction torque null-space and the reaction null-space.Furthermore,the reaction torque acted as an optimization index can be utilized to achieve satellite base disturbance minimization in the generalized Jacobian-based end-effector Cartesian path tracking task.Besides,supposing that the redundant degrees of freedom are abundant to achieve reaction torque-based active control,the reaction torque can be used to realize satellite base attitude control,that is,base attitude adjustment or maintenance.Moreover,because reaction torque-based control is a second-order control scheme,joint torque minimization can be regarded as the optimization task in reaction torque-based active or in-active control.A real-time simulation system of a 7-DOF space robot under Linux/RTAI is developed to verify and test the feasibility and reliability of the proposed ideas.Our extensive empirical results demonstrate that the corresponding analysis about the reaction torque is correct and the proposed methods are feasible.     

基于排队论的航班滑出时间预测

根据航班离港流程及滑出时间预测的问题属性，将滑出过程分解为无障碍滑 行至跑道端及在跑道端排队等待起飞两个阶段。分析了进离港航班对滑出时间的影响，提出 了一种场面交通状况衡量指标及基于该指标的无障碍滑出时间计算模型。并将跑道提供服务 的过程建模为M/G/1/∞随机服务系统，建立了基于排队论的等待起飞时间预测模型。以北京 首都国际机场航班运行数据为例，使用单个航班及以15 min为间隔的平均滑出时间的预测准 确率验证了模型的有效性，与首都机场当前的滑出时间计算模型进行对比，预测准确率显著 提高。     

空气污染组分H_2O和CO_2对乙烯点火特性的影响

超燃研究地面实验中通过燃烧加热方式获得的高焓气体中通常含有H2O和CO2等污染组分,污染组分可能造成地面实验与天空飞行中燃料的点火特性出现差异。为了正确评估这两种污染组分对碳氢燃料点火特性的影响,在预加热激波管上研究了H2O和CO2对乙烯点火特性的影响效应。以压力0.2MPa,化学当量比1和0.5乙烯在纯净气体中点火特性为基础,分别进行了单独加入7.5%,15%和25%的H2O,单独加入10%的CO2,以及同时加入25%H2O+10%CO2条件下,污染组分对乙烯点火特性影响的对比实验研究。结果表明:在贫油条件下(Φ=0.5),单独污染组分H2O和CO2对乙烯的点火基本没有影响;在化学当量比条件下(Φ=1)时,H2O和CO2分别对乙烯的点火具有一定的阻滞作用;当H2O和CO2同时存在时,污染组分在较大温度范围内表现出对乙烯点火的阻滞作用。从燃烧反应机理和热物理性质的角度对实验结果进行了初步分析。     

一种时间传递系统中调制器时延的数字标定算法

针对传统示波器观察法测量BPSK（Binary phase shift keying,二进制相移键控）调制器时延时存在整码元模糊、噪声敏感、载波初相要求苛刻及标定精度低的缺点,利用软件无线电的相关处理技术,提出一种精密的BPSK调制器时延标定算法.通过高速数字示波器对BPSK调制器的输入基带信号和输出载波调制信号进行双通道同步过采样,对输出信号与输入信号采样值进行循环相关,根据相关峰值对应的样本点序号以及连接电缆的校准时延,计算得到BPSK调制器时延.仿真和试验验证表明：提出的算法不受载波初始相位影响,时延标定上限可达1个伪随机码周期,而且低载噪比情况下也能得到准确结果.数字示波器的通道采样率为10 GSa/s时,采用提出的算法进行BPSK调制器时延标定,标定结果的不确定度可以达到0.2 ns.     

Towards PPP-RTK: Ambiguity resolution in real-time precise point positioning

Integer ambiguity resolution at a single station can be achieved by introducing predetermined uncalibrated phase delays (UPDs) into the float ambiguity estimates of precise point positioning (PPP). This integer resolution technique has the potential of leading to a PPP-RTK (real-time kinematic) model where PPP provides rapid convergence to a reliable centimeter-level positioning accuracy based on an RTK reference network. Nonetheless, implementing this model is technically subject to how rapidly we can fix wide-lane ambiguities, stabilize narrow-lane UPD estimates, and achieve the first ambiguity-fixed solution. To investigate these issues, we used 7 days of 1-Hz sampling GPS data at 91 stations across Europe. We find that at least 10 min of observations are required for most receiver types to reliably fix about 90% of wide-lane ambiguities corresponding to high elevations, and over 20 min to fix about 90% of those corresponding to low elevations. Moreover, several tens of minutes are usually required for a regional network before a narrow-lane UPD estimate stabilizes to an accuracy of far better than 0.1 cycles. Finally, for hourly data, ambiguity resolution can significantly improve the accuracy of epoch-wise position estimates from 13.7, 7.1 and 11.4 cm to 0.8, 0.9 and 2.5 cm for the East, North and Up components, respectively, but a few tens of minutes is required to achieve the first ambiguity-fixed solution. Therefore, from the timeliness aspect, our PPP-RTK model currently cannot satisfy the critical requirement of instantaneous precise positioning where ambiguity-fixed solutions have to be achieved within at most a few seconds. However, this model can still be potentially applied to some near-real-time remote sensing applications, such as the GPS meteorology.     

基于二阶滑模的再入飞行器末制导律研究

针对再入飞行过程中飞行器末制导启动后制导系统存在的模型不确定性因素以及气动环境复杂等鲁棒制导问题,结合落点角约束条件,提出一种基于二阶滑模的鲁棒末制导律设计方法。基于二阶滑模控制的思想,设计有限时间收敛的二阶滑模末制导律;为了消除有界的内外扰影响同时削弱抖振效果,引入超螺旋算法设计有限时间收敛的连续二阶滑模末制导律。飞行器在该末制导律导引下,弹目视线角速率及落角约束快速收敛,从而保证飞行器有很高的命中精度。基于Lyapunov定理的稳定性理论证明及仿真结果均表明了该末制导方案的有效性。