两级超声速引射器流动机理研究

超声速引射器在航天发动机、化学激光器等的地面试验所需压力恢复系统中有着重要的应用,采用超-超引射方式是优化压力恢复系统的性能和实现设备小型化的途径之一。为探索适用于超-超引射器的设计准则,对一种两级超声速引射器的超-超引射流动现象开展了研究,试验发现该构型引射器在特定压力匹配范围内即可实现一、二级主流间的超-超引射又可以实现主流对二次流的超-超引射,结合数值仿真对流场结构和参数的分析表明超-超引射的形成机制可归结为压力匹配问题,通过提高来流总压与混合室匹配静压的压比可建立超-超引射;混合室匹配静压由引射气流主导;提高二次流总压或降低主流压力均可提高二次流马赫数,该规律对建立超-超引射、提高引射效率有指导意义。      

Active generalized predictive control of turbine tip clearance for aero-engines

Active control of turbine blade tip clearance continues to be a concern in design and control of gas turbines. Ever increasing demands for improved efficiency and higher operating temperatures require more stringent tolerances on turbine tip clearance. In this paper, a turbine tip clearance control apparatus and a model of turbine tip clearance are proposed; an implicit active generalized predictive control （GPC）, with auto-regressive （AR） error modification and fuzzy adjustment on control horizon, is presented, as well as a quantitative analysis method of robust per- turbation radius of the system. The active clearance control （ACC） of aero-engine turbine tip clear- ance is evaluated in a lapse-rate take-off transient, along with the comparative and quantitative analysis of the stability and robustness of the active tip clearance control system. The results show that the resultant active tip clearance control system with the improved GPC has favorable steadystate and dynamic performance and benefits of increased efficiency, reduced specific fuel consump- tion, and additional service life.     

采用不同航空煤油反应机理模拟模型燃烧室两相燃烧流场

基于火焰面模型,采用两个不同的航空煤油化学反应机理(Kundu反应机理和亚琛反应机理),对模型燃烧室内三维两相燃烧流场进行了数值模拟,比较了两个反应机理燃烧流场计算结果的异同,并结合充分搅拌反应器模型进行了分析。通过与实验结果的比较,初步考察了两个反应机理模拟实际燃烧室燃烧流场的能力。结果表明:在给定工况条件下(工况1,马赫数0.160,来流温度537 K,总油气比0.004 8,常压;工况2,马赫数0.155,来流温度523 K,总油气比0.0100,常压),两个反应机理均能准确预测模型燃烧室的温度场和CO2排放量;亚琛反应机理在工况1时,可准确预测NO排放量,在工况2时,预测值高于实验值,而Kundu反应机理预测的NO排放量在两个工况下均与实验值差别较大。     

基于浮点编码遗传算法的行星轮系折叠机构优化设计

针对折叠机翼变体飞机,设计一种适合装配在变体飞机小空间的行星轮系折叠机构。在系统研究行星轮系设计目标、设计变量和约束条件的基础上,基于浮点编码遗传算法,使用MATLAB优化工具箱对其主要参数进行优化。结果表明：相对于安全系数法,浮点编码遗传算法可减轻结构重量16．7％,使折叠机构在满足设计指标的情况下达到质量最轻的目的;采用浮点编码遗传算法进行优化求解是行星轮系机构设计的一种行之有效的优化设计方法。     

Accuracy and consistency of different global ionospheric maps released by IGS ionosphere associate analysis centers

Due to the differences of ionospheric modeling methods and selected tracking stations, the accuracy and consistency of Global Ionospheric Maps (GIMs) released by Ionosphere Associate Analysis Centers (IAACs) are different. In this study, we evaluate and analyze in detail the accuracy and consistency of GIMs final products provided by six IAACs from three different aspects. Firstly, the comparison of these GIMs shows that the mean bias (MEAN) is related to the modeling methods of various IAACs. The variation trend of the standard deviation (STD) is consistent with the solar activities, and accompanied by certain seasonal and annual periodic variations. The MEAN between IGS and each center is about −1.3 to 1.0 TECU, and the STD is about 1.4–2.5 TECU. Secondly, the validation with GPS TEC shows that the STD of CODE is the smallest at various latitudes, and the STD is about 0.7–4.5 TECU. Thirdly, The validation with the Jason2 VTEC shows that the STD between Jason2 and IAACs is about 4.4–5.2 TECU. In addition, the STD between Jason2 and six GIMs in the areas with more tracking stations is better than that of the regions with fewer tracking stations in different latitude regions. Regardless of whether the tracking stations are more or less, the MEAN and STD in high solar activity are larger than in low solar activity.     

我国融资性担保机构市场退出机制研究

我国至今还没有一部专门针对担保行业的法律,部门颁布的法规既缺乏权威性,又过于简单,缺乏可操作性;一些担保机构从事违法违规活动导致风险事件不断爆发,严重损害了担保业声誉,给行业发展带来恶劣影响。当前亟须建立担保机构的市场退出机制,对问题担保机构实行强制退出政策,使担保业健康发展。担保机构市场退出机制包括建立担保机构退出的风险预警系统、设立担保救助基金及担保机构退出方式。文章在风险预警研究的基础上,着重分析担保救助基金的建立、使用以及担保机构退出方式。     

让老师快乐地走进课堂

中职学生自我约束、自我学习能力差,中职教师面临教好书与管好学生的双重压力。通过体制与机制的完善,鼓励教师欣然地面对挑战,教师才会发现教书的乐趣,才会激发求知的欲望,才会参与教学的改革,才会产生对学校强烈的归属感、自豪感和使命感。提升了教师的积极性,老师才会快乐地走进课堂。     

High-temperature tribological behaviors of a Cr-Si co-alloyed layer on TA15 alloy

A Cr-Si co-alloyed layer was successfully deposited on TA15 alloy by the double glow plasma surface technology to improve its poor wear resistance at elevated temperature.The microstructure,composition,and phase structure of the layer were investigated by SEM,EDS,and XRD.The tribological behaviors of the Cr-Si co-alloyed layer at 20 ℃ and 500 ℃ were analyzed in details.The results indicated that the friction coefficient and wear rate of the Cr-Si coalloyed layer at 20 ℃ and 500 ℃ were much lower than those of the substrate,which was due to higher hardness and superior elastic modulus.This layer may become an approach to effectively improving the wear resistance of TA15 alloy at elevated temperature.     

基于改进萤火虫算法的小卫星质量特性调整 #br#

摘要： 为了消除小卫星在轨运行过程中因燃料消耗等原因造成质量特性变化的影响，提出一种基于改进萤火虫算法的卫星在轨质心调整方法.该方法运用萤火虫算法对PID控制器的参数整定进行优化，针对收敛速度慢和容易陷入局部极小值的问题，引入自适应步长因子对算法进行改进.算法通过编程注入星载计算机，进而控制电机调整机构完成卫星在轨质心调整.依托于地面气浮平台进行半物理仿真实验，实验结果表明改进算法在第48次迭代完成PID参数整定，相较于其他算法具有更快的收敛速度和动态响应特性.基于改进算法的调整系统可在59 s将单轴质心偏移量减小到精度要求，验证了系统在小卫星质量特性调整上的实时性和稳定性.     

民用客机液压系统逻辑控制单元故障分析及排除

通过采用故障树的分析方法,运用故障机理分析、故障定位及故障复现的故障归零思路,分析了逻辑控制单元的设计规范及其变更,进行了新旧逻辑控制单元的对比试验,检查了逻辑控制单元与飞机的交联信号等,最终定位故障在逻辑控制单元内部元件失效,顺利排除了故障。