Models for estimating daily photosynthetically active radiation in oceanic and mediterranean climates and their improvement by site adaptation techniques

In this work Photosynthetically Active Radiation (PAR) in oceanic and mediterranean climates is modeled. Twenty-two different models have been developed and tested: eleven Multilinear Regression (MR) models and eleven Artificial Neuron Network (ANN) models, using combinations of variables such as Global Horizontal Irradiance (GHI), Global Extraterrestrial Irradiance (G₀), Temperature (T) and Relative Humidity (RH). Data provided by Satellite Application Facility on Climate Monitoring (CM SAF) are used to develop and train the models, while the models have been validated using field data from four stations located in Spain, covering the different study climates.According to the results, zones with different climate conditions need different models, both for the case of MR and ANN. The results show the need of including the GHI in all models in order to obtain accurate estimates; in fact, the presence of more variables only improves slightly the results in mediterranean climate, while in oceanic climate no improvement is observed.On the other hand, comparing MR and ANN models, ANN models did not show better results than those of MR models in no one of the cases studied. Regarding the climate, both types of models are clearly better for the mediterranean case than for the oceanic one. In order to improve the performance of the model for oceanic climate a correction based on the site adaptation technique was carried out. The good results obtained by this technique fully justify its use.The best proposed models provide better performance than other models which are restricted to certain locations. Besides, the clustering technique based on the PAR variable, used in this work, allows obtaining useful models for a whole region. Finally, another advantage of this methodology is that there is no need of ground measurements for its development, except for the site adaptation technique.     

Use of global ionospheric maps for HF Doppler measurements interpretation

The HF Doppler technique, a method of measurement of Doppler frequency shift of ionospheric signal, is one of the well-known and widely used techniques of ionosphere research. It allows investigation of various disturbances in the ionosphere. There are different sources of disturbances in the ionosphere such as geomagnetic storms, solar flashes, meteorological effects and atmospheric waves. The HF Doppler technique allows us to find out the influence of earthquakes, explosions and other processes on the ionosphere, which occurs near the Earth. HF Doppler technique has high sensitivity to small frequency variations and high time resolution but interpretation of results is difficult. In this paper, we attempt to use GPS data for Doppler measurements interpretation. Modeling of Doppler frequency shift variations with use of TEC allows separation of ionosphere disturbances of medium scale.     

多面体网型空间抓捕机构的设计与分析

提出一种面向空间服务需求的新型多面体网型空间抓捕机构,以3-RRS并联机构为本体,将其动平台用空间单闭环六杆机构Bricard机构替代,通过Bricard网口的缩放运动和本体的包拢变形对空间目标进行抓捕以及位置和姿态的调整。通过在ADAMS软件中进行仿真来验证其抓捕过程,并以仿真所得关节受力情况为基础,在ANSYS软件和I-DEAS软件中进行仿真分析,对所提出的多面体网型空间抓捕机构进行强度分析与热平衡分析的工作,确保其机械结构强度和对热环境的适应性能够满足实际使用的需求。理论分析和仿真试验结果表明:该机构可满足空间目标抓捕任务的需求。     

黄麻纤维表面原位沉积纳米SiO2工艺以及机理探究

采用超声-溶胶凝胶法在黄麻纤维表面原位沉积纳米SiO_2,通过红外光谱分析,微观形貌分析以及沉积量测试,讨论了不同工艺参数对纳米SiO_2沉积效果的影响。结果表明:随着正硅酸乙酯(TEOS)浓度或氨水浓度的增加,纳米SiO_2的沉积量逐渐增多,粒径逐渐增大;随着沉积温度的升高,纳米SiO_2的沉积量逐渐减少,粒径逐渐减小;与沉积温度为20℃相比,当沉积温度为60℃时,纳米SiO_2的沉积量减少了36.4%、粒径减小了37.8%;沉积时间主要影响纳米SiO_2的沉积量,对其粒径的影响不明显。通过实验探究了纳米SiO_2成核与生长的机理:黄麻纤维表面的孔隙结构为纳米SiO_2提供了成核位点;TEOS经过水解缩合反应形成短链交联结构,通过氢键或化学键沉积于黄麻纤维表面的孔隙中;短链交联结构经过成核与生长过程,逐渐形成纳米SiO_2颗粒。因此,通过对工艺参数合理地选择,可以调控纳米SiO_2在黄麻纤维表面成核与生长阶段的形貌与沉积量。     

紫外辐照影响硅橡胶出气污染模型及效应研究

基于有机材料出气污染过程分析，并结合辐射化学有关理论，建立材料在紫外辐照后的分子污染模型；在ASTM E1559标准测试方法的基础上，以硅橡胶材料为污染源开展试验，测试其经过不同紫外辐照时间后的出气污染沉积量，并对辐照后材料表面的微观特性进行测试分析。根据沉积量测试结果对模型待定参数进行拟合，并结合微观测试结果，分析得到紫外辐照导致硅橡胶分子链中Si-O键以及Si-C键断裂，且部分小分子物质提前挥发，从而使得出气成分中小分子污染物含量下降，大分子污染物含量上升，并最终导致总污染量在前期有所下降，在后期显著增加。     

高超声速飞行器新型热防护机制研究进展

从气动热载荷的来源出发，介绍了基于流动控制、光辐射操控、原子重组、电子耗散等物理机制的新型热防护机制的原理和进展。分别从环境和材料两方面实现对流热、化学热和辐射热的主动调控，进一步分析了高超声速飞行器新型热防护机制发展的特点和不足，对该领域未来研究的重点方向提出了建议。     

非圆截面变体头锥机构设计与运动仿真分析

设计具有变形能力的飞行器结构,通过主动改变其气动外形是提高空天飞行器飞行能力和环境自适应性的有效途径。本文提出了一种可实现单侧弯曲与多级伸展变形的空天飞行器非圆截面变体头锥机构设计方法,可独立进行头锥的多级伸展及弯曲运动,实现变体形式多样化;通过在伸展机构级间设计锁定装置,保证了头锥变形的展开稳定性。结合飞行工况,计算了头锥伸展过程中所受载荷及所需驱动力。头锥伸展及弯曲运动仿真结果论证了方案的可行性。在给定驱动模式下头锥机构的轴向最大伸展位移与体长比为0.43,伸展弯曲比可达3.5。通过分析变形过程的位移、速度及加速度变化规律发现,所设计的变体头锥机构可实现较好的运动特性和运动平稳性。     

On the occurrence and strength of multi-frequency multi-GNSS Ionospheric Scintillations in Indian sector during declining phase of solar cycle 24

This study presents unique perspectives of occurrence and strength of low latitude ionospheric scintillations on multiple signals of Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) and its frequency dependence using continuous observation records of 780 nights. A robust comparative analysis is performed using scintillation index, S4 and its variation during pre-midnight and post-midnight duration from a GNSS receiver located at Waltair (17.7°N, 83.3°E), India, covering period from July 2014 to August 2016. The results, generally exhibit the impact of declining phase of solar cycle 24 on occurrence and strength of scintillations, which, however, is evidently different over different frequencies transmitted from different GNSS systems. A deeper quantitative analysis uniquely reveals that apart from the solar cycle and seasonal effects, the number of visible satellites of a selected GNSS markedly affect the occurrence and also the strength. Processing scheme of adopting 6 hourly time windows of pre-midnight and post-midnight brought a novel result that the strength and occurrence of strong scintillations decrease with declining solar activity during pre-midnight hours but remarkably increase for moderate and weak scintillations during post-midnight. The physical processes that dominate the post-midnight equatorial ionosphere are invoked to explain such variations that are special during declining solar activity. Finally, inter-GNSS signal analysis in terms of the effect of strong, moderate and weak scintillations is presented with due consideration of number of satellite passes affected and frequency dependence of mean S4. The quantitative results of this study emphasize for the first time effect of low latitude scintillation on GNSS signals in Indian zone under changing background solar and seasonal conditions.     

预旋对周向槽处理机匣扩稳能力的影响

以Rotor 67转子为研究对象,通过数值模拟的手段分析了周向槽(CG)提高转子失速裕度(SM)的机理,并在此基础上研究了周向槽处理机匣与转子前预旋的匹配问题。结果表明:在Rotor 67转子中,叶尖泄漏流与激波相互干渉产生的低速区是转子失速的重要原因,而周向槽内气流离开时形成的与泄漏涡(LV)方向相反的涡会抑制泄漏涡的周向发展,是周向槽的扩稳机理之一。通过分析周向槽处理机匣在不同预旋条件下扩稳效果的变化,显示在不同流量点、不同预旋条件下,随着转子叶尖负荷位置的变化,起主要扩稳作用的处理槽不同,并在此原则下,提出了一种周向槽设计的思路。      

Fault detection and isolation in GPS receiver autonomous integrity monitoring based on chaos particle swarm optimization-particle filter algorithm

The receiver autonomous integrity monitoring (RAIM) is one of the most important parts in an avionic navigation system. Two problems need to be addressed to improve this system, namely, the degeneracy phenomenon and lack of samples for the standard particle filter (PF). However, the number of samples cannot adequately express the real distribution of the probability density function (i.e., sample impoverishment). This study presents a GPS receiver autonomous integrity monitoring (RAIM) method based on a chaos particle swarm optimization particle filter (CPSO-PF) algorithm with a log likelihood ratio. The chaos sequence generates a set of chaotic variables, which are mapped to the interval of optimization variables to improve particle quality. This chaos perturbation overcomes the potential for the search to become trapped in a local optimum in the particle swarm optimization (PSO) algorithm. Test statistics are configured based on a likelihood ratio, and satellite fault detection is then conducted by checking the consistency between the state estimate of the main PF and those of the auxiliary PFs. Based on GPS data, the experimental results demonstrate that the proposed algorithm can effectively detect and isolate satellite faults under conditions of non-Gaussian measurement noise. Moreover, the performance of the proposed novel method is better than that of RAIM based on the PF or PSO-PF algorithm.