一种GPS双频多天线姿态测量方法

北京遥测技术研究所自主研制的双频GPS-OEM板可以提供精度很高的双频载波相位原始观测数据,利用其对载体进行姿态测量,将是一种即经济又方便的工作方式,而且还能获得很高的精度和稳定性。基于此展开对双频GPS载波相位测姿的研究工作,结合双频GPS载波相位可以组合出86 cm波长宽巷载波相位观测值的特性,基于伪距和载波相位组合获取模糊度搜索空间,再使用最小二乘降相关平差法(LAMBDA方法)搜索整周模糊度。大量的试验数据证明,利用双频GPS载波相位进行测姿切实可行,姿态初始化速度快,测姿结果精度高。     

基于约束序贯M估计的时空域融合红外杂波抑制

针对红外弱小目标检测中的强背景杂波干扰抑制问题进行研究,提出了一种基于参数约束序贯M估计的时空域融合自适应杂波抑制算法.该算法首先在分析序列图像帧间失配的基础上建立了一种改进的时空域融合背景预测模型,结合二维离散傅里叶快速变换图像配准和双线性插值方法进行灰度值估计;然后,基于约束序贯M估计方法进行模型参数的自适应估计,...     

基于蚁群算法的多路径QoS路由算法研究

针对现代网络通信量不断地增大以及蚁群算法在解决路由问题时存在的一些不足提出了基于改进蚁群算法的路由优化算法。该算法将蚁群系统的特点和流量工程的思想相结合对基本的蚁群算法进行了3方面的改进：将路由器的缓冲队列的利用率加入下一结点选择的标准;采用链路的利用率做为全局更新信息素;选择多条路径来进行数据传输。仿真实验结果表明该算法可以实现网络负载均衡,降低拥塞发生的可能性,提高了网络资源的利用率。     

Creation of the new industry-standard space test of laser retroreflectors for the GNSS and LAGEOS

We built a new experimental apparatus (the “Satellite/lunar laser ranging Characterization Facility”, SCF) and created a new test procedure (the SCF-Test) to characterize and model the detailed thermal behavior and the optical performance of cube corner laser retroreflectors in space for industrial and scientific applications. The primary goal of these innovative tools is to provide critical design and diagnostic capabilities for Satellites Laser Ranging (SLR) to Galileo and other GNSS (Global Navigation Satellite System) constellations. The capability will allow us to optimize the design of GNSS laser retroreflector payloads to maximize ranging efficiency, to improve signal-to-noise conditions in daylight and to provide pre-launch validation of retroreflector performance under laboratory-simulated space conditions. Implementation of new retroreflector designs being studied will help to improve GNSS orbits, which will then increase the accuracy, stability, and distribution of the International Terrestrial Reference Frame (ITRF), to provide better definition of the geocenter (origin) and the scale (length unit).     

GNSS geodetic techniques for time and frequency transfer applications

We performed an initial analysis of the pseudorange data of the GIOVE-B satellite, one of the two experimental Galileo satellites currently in operation, for time transfer.¹ For this specific aim, software was developed to process the GIOVE-B raw pseudoranges and broadcast navigation messages collected by the Galileo Experimental Sensor Stations (GESS) tracking network, yielding station clock phase errors with respect to the Experimental Galileo System Time (EGST). The software also allows processing the Global Positioning System (GPS) P1 and P2 pseudorange data with broadcast navigation message collected at the same stations to obtain the station clock phase errors with respect to the GPS system time (GPST). Differencing these solutions between stations provides two independent means of GNSS time transfer. We compared these time transfer results with Precise Point Positioning (PPP) method applied to GPS data in combined carrier-phase and pseudorange mode as well as in pseudorange-only mode to show their relative merits. The PPP solutions in combined carrier-phase and pseudorange mode showed the least instability of the methods tested herein at all scales, at few parts in 10¹⁵ at 1 day for the stations processed, following a tau^−½ interval dependency. Conversely, the PPP solutions in pseudorange-only mode are an order of magnitude worst (few parts in 10¹⁴ at 1 day for the stations processed) following a tau⁻¹ power-law, but slightly better than the single-satellite raw GPS time transfer solutions obtained using the developed software, since the PPP least-squares solution effectively averages the pseudorange noise. The pseudorange noise levels estimated from PPP pseudorange residuals and from clock solution comparisons are largely consistent, providing a validation of our software operation. The raw GIOVE-B time transfer, as implemented in this work, proves to be slightly better than single-satellite raw GPS satellite time transfer, at least in the medium term. However, one of the processed stations shows a combined GPS P1 and P2 pseudorange noise level at 2 m, a factor 2 worst than usually seen for geodetic receivers, so the GPS time transfer results may not be at their best for the cases processed. Over the short term, the GPS single-satellite time transfer instability outperforms the GIOVE-B by an order of magnitude at 1 s interval, which would be due to the different characteristics of the tracking loop filters for GPS P1 and P2 on one hand and the GIOVE-B signals on the other. Even at this preliminary stage and using an experimental satellite system, results show that the GIOVE-B (and hence Galileo) signals offer interesting perspectives for high precision time transfer between metrological laboratories.     

基于UKF的GPS定位算法

针对EKF通过局部线性化方法处理非线性问题可能产生的精度下降问题,提出了用UKF进行GPS定位解算的方法.介绍了UKF方法的原理,分析了GPS伪距方程的线性化近似误差和定位精度的关系,并讨论了利用UKF进行定位解算的有效性.采用"当前"模型,利用伪距和多普勒观测量进行定位解算.利用Spirent GPS 模拟器和NovAtel差分定位系统及NovAtel接收机分别进行了仿真实验和现场实验.结果表明,当滤波器状态初值误差较大时,UKF与EKF相比有明显的优势.     

高光谱观测卫星高精时间同步方案设计与应用

为了满足星上高光谱相机、全谱段光谱成像仪、星敏感器等时间精度敏感仪器的高精度时间同步需求,高光谱观测卫星上设计了可适应多种精度需求的时间同步方案。对于系统时间,综合通过星地时差集中校时、均匀校时、GPS总线校时、GPS硬件秒脉冲校时等校时方法进行时间修正;对于终端用户,分别给出直接采用广播的进行本地时间修正的时间同步方法、采用广播及内部秒脉冲的时间同步方法、采用广播授时和不同秒脉冲校时方案的地面时间重建算法。利用在轨数据,对卫星星敏感器、全谱段光谱成像仪及可见短波红外高光谱相机的曝光时刻时间重建方法进行了应用说明,并对不同方法的时统误差进行了分析。     

多孔材料下气体爆炸转扩散燃烧的特性研究

为分析多孔材料对预混气体爆炸特性参数的影响效果,采用自主搭建的爆炸实验平台,探究不同孔隙度和厚度的多孔材料对当量比为1的甲烷/空气预混气体爆炸的作用行为。实验研究表明,不同孔隙度的多孔材料对爆炸火焰和超压具有促进或抑制两种不同的影响。孔隙度较小时,爆燃火焰传播速度随着材料厚度的增大而降低,并在厚度较大时,火焰有短暂的传播延时现象。孔隙度较大时,预混火焰冲击多孔材料时发生淬熄,但随后一段时间内,由于负压抽吸作用,在已爆区域一侧的材料表面产生扩散燃烧现象,且扩散燃烧程度与材料厚度成反比关系。多孔材料的固相结构能降低压力的泄放效率,同时可吸收能量,进而提高爆炸超压的上升速率,降低超压峰值。当每英寸长度孔数δ=10的多孔材料促进火焰传播时,与当量比为1的预混气体爆炸相比,超压峰值最大可提高约2倍,造成更严重的后果。火焰冲击δ=20的多孔材料时发生淬熄,最大超压衰减可达47.17%,δ=30时最大超压衰减了24.62%。     

双频Android手机GPS/BDS伪距单点定位增强方法与性能评估CSCD

针对双频GNSS手机不同运动状态下的定位性能,从原始观测值质量入手进行分析,设计并比较了多种定位算法的有效性。首先,采集了华为mate30、荣耀20pro、小米10三款双频手机的原始观测数据,从DOP值、信噪比、伪距残差等方面对观测数据质量进行了分析评估。其次,设计了静态和动态实验,利用最小二乘法(LSM)、加权最小二乘法(WLS)(高度角定权、信噪比定权)、Kalman滤波法进行单点定位解算。静态测试结果表明,基于LSM的三款手机定位精度在E、N方向上分别优于2.04m和2.24m,信噪比定权相比高度角定权可使平面定位精度平均提高8.5%;动态测试结果表明,Kalman滤波可有效提高精度性能,平面定位精度平均提高7.2%,但三款手机的动态测试表现明显低于静态测试。     

星间光通信中振动抑制的研究

星间光通信是极具前景的空基通信方式。通信双方光束的捕获，对准和跟踪为星间光通信必须解决的关键技术之一。光通信终端作为卫星的有效载荷，受到卫星平台及空间环境的影响。本文首先概要地说明了星间光通信对准和跟踪系统的设计要求，分析了卫星平台振动，给出了典型的振动功率谱密度，可行的扰动抑制方法和APT系统的设计。最后设计了跟踪子系统，对其扰动抑制性能进行仿真。仿真结果表明本文设计的有效性。