Experimental study of an aircraft fuel tank inerting system

In this work, a simulated aircraft fuel tank inerting system has been successfully established based on a model tank. Experiments were conducted to investigate the influences of different operating parameters on the inerting effectiveness of the system, including flow rate of the inert gas(nitrogen-enriched air), inert gas concentration, fuel load of the tank and different inerting approaches. The experimental results show that under the same operating conditions, the time span of a complete inerting process decreased as the flow rate of inert gas was increased; the time span using the inert gas with 5% oxygen concentration was much longer than that using pure nitrogen;when the fuel tank was inerted using the ullage washing approach, the time span increased as the fuel load was decreased; the ullage washing approach showed the best inerting performance when the time span of a complete inerting process was the evaluation criterion, but when the decrease of dissolved oxygen concentration in the fuel was also considered to characterize the inerting effectiveness, the approach of ullage washing and fuel scrubbing at the same time was the most effective.     

Multipoint optimization on fuel efficiency in conceptual design of wide-body aircraft

Aircraft conceptual design optimizations that maximize the performance at a design condition (single-point) may result in designs with unsatisfying off-design performance. To further improve aircraft efficiency under actual flight operations, there is a need to consider multiple flight conditions (multipoint) in aircraft conceptual design and optimization. A new strategy for multipoint optimizations in aircraft conceptual design is proposed in this paper. A wide-body aircraft is taken as an example for both single-point and multipoint optimizations with the objective of maximizing the specific hourly productivity. Boeing 787-8 flight data was used in the multipoint optimization to reflect the true objective function. The results show that the optimal design from the multipoint optimization has a 7.72% total specific hourly productivity increase of entire flight missions compared with that of the baseline aircraft, while the increase in the total specific hourly productivity from the single-point optimal design is only 5.73%. The differences between the results of single-point and multipoint optimizations indicate that there is a good option to further improve aircraft efficiency by considering actual flight conditions in aircraft conceptual design and optimization.     

月球探测器动力下降段最优轨迹参数化方法

为保证月球探测器进入姿态调整段时具有充分的高度与速度余量,本文提出一种基于控制变量参数化的月球探测器动力下降段最优轨迹求解方法。在三维探测器软着陆动力学模型基础上,将月球探测器软着陆制导律设计等效为燃料最优约束下的探测器俯仰角控制问题,利用控制变量参数化(Control Variables Parameterization, CVP)方法将该控制问题中的控制变量与约束条件转化为非线性规划问题求解,并引入时间尺度变换,将着陆时间序列加入待规划参数,进而求得满足精度的最优数值解。蒙特卡罗仿真实验表明,与传统的显式制导律相比,本文提出的参数化制导方法在动力下降段燃料更省,动力下降段的起始高度在±20%范围内波动时,仍能以高精度速度和高度指标完成末制导。     

带液体晃动航天器的非线性自适应反馈控制

针对一种带液体燃料晃动的航天器,同时考虑液体晃动参数的不确定性,提出了一种参数自适应非线性反馈控制方法,抑制航天器的俯仰及横向运动,同时抑制液体燃料的晃动.针对航天器与液体燃料的固液耦合非线性模型,采用基于Lyapunov函数的设计方法设计系统的反馈控制律,运用间接自适应方法设计参数自适应律,并使用参数映射等手段来保证参数估计值在合理取值范围内.仿真结果表明,控制器可以使航天器达到渐近稳定,进而验证了控制器的有效性.     

CFD predictions of LBO limits for aero-engine combustors using fuel iterative approximation

Lean blow-out (LBO) is critical to operational performance of combustion systems in propulsion and power generation. Current predictive tools for LBO limits are based on decadesold empirical correlations that have limited applicability for modern combustor designs. According to the Lefebvre’s model for LBO and classical perfect stirred reactor (PSR) concept, a load parameter (LP) is proposed for LBO analysis of aero-engine combustors in this paper. The parameters contained in load parameter are all estimated from the non-reacting flow field of a combustor that is obtained by numerical simulation. Additionally, based on the load parameter, a method of fuel iterative approximation (FIA) is proposed to predict the LBO limit of the combustor. Compared with experimental data for 19 combustors, it is found that load parameter can represent the actual combustion load of the combustor near LBO and have good relativity with LBO fuel/air ratio (FAR). The LBO FAR obtained by FIA shows good agreement with experimental data, the maximum prediction uncertainty of FIA is about ±17.5%. Because only the non-reacting flow is simulated, the time cost of the LBO limit prediction using FIA is relatively low (about 6 h for one combustor with computer equipment of CPU 2.66 GHz · 4 and 4 GB memory), showing that FIA is reliable and efficient to be used for practical applications.     

Elliptical formation control based on relative orbit elements

A new set of relative orbit elements（ROEs）is used to derive a new elliptical formation flying model.In-plane and out-of-plane motions can be completely decoupled,which benefts elliptical formation design.The inverse transformation of the state transition matrix is derived to study the relative orbit control strategy.Impulsive feedback control laws are developed for both in-plane and out-of-plane relative motions.Control of in-plane and out-of-plane relative motions can be completely decoupled using the ROE-based feedback control law.A tangential impulsive control method is proposed to study the relationship of fuel consumption and maneuvering positions.An optimal analytical along-track impulsive control strategy is then derived.Different typical orbit maneuvers,including formation establishment,reconfguration,long-distance maneuvers,and formation keeping,are taken as examples to demonstrate the performance of the proposed control laws.The effects of relative measurement errors are also considered to validate the high accuracy of the proposed control method.     

民用飞机采用不同油箱分离面对重量重心的影响

介绍了民用飞机整体油箱的布局形式和耗油顺序对飞机重量重心的影响,并对燃油箱设计时需要考虑的转子爆破、油箱惰化及结构疲劳等问题进行说明;提出了三种采用不同油箱分离面但采用相同耗油顺序的燃油箱,重点分析了燃油保持在外侧油箱对机翼根部弯矩的卸载作用和飞机重心在燃油消耗过程中的变化过程,并举例分析了三种油箱布局对典型装载的限制情况,为选择油箱分离面和选择耗油顺序提供相应的参考。     

基于Lyapunov势函数的小卫星编队队形保持方法

在考虑地球非球形引力J2项摄动时,用Lyaounov势函数法推导了连续和离散两种控制方法,以保持与控制运行于椭圆轨道的小卫星编队飞行位置。建立了相应的数学模型,并证明两种控制方法均可实现系统的稳定。理论分析和仿真结果表明,两种方法均能在规定的时间内将伴随星控制到理想位置,并在相同的轨道条件下比较了两者的燃料消耗。     

椭圆轨道卫星编队队形及J2项摄动影响研究

基于椭圆轨道的两卫星相对运动方程,分析了参考星轨道为椭圆的编队飞行成立条件,给出了队形设计方法。讨论了J2项摄动对椭圆编队队形的影响。通过改变两卫星偏心率之差Δe调整环绕星的偏心率以消除部分J2项摄动。仿真结果表明,采用该法设计椭圆轨道编队队形可减少主动控制,节省燃料。     

军用航空发动机加力控制系统的研究和发展

对国外军用航空发动机加力控制系统的研制现状和今后的发展方向进行了归纳和分析，讨论了加力燃油泵、加力燃油调节器、加力燃油计量和分配装置、喷口油源泵和喷口调节器的技术特点、方案选择和研究动向。全权限数字电子控制技术的研究和应用，将会对军用航空发动机的研究和发展产生巨大的影响。