基于实体-属性框架的领域知识库构建

知识库是进行各种自然语言处理任务不可或缺的一项基础性的资源。而目前知识库的构建还是一个难点问题,尤其是以自动方式构建复杂的领域性知识库系统的研究还处于探索阶段。本文提出一种基于实体-属性框架的领域知识库自动构建方法,致力于利用航空百科辞典的信息自动获取术语之间的上下位关系及部分实体属性关系,其中,基于多策略的上下位关系术语对提取融合了后缀子串匹配、模板自动构建、实质提取三种方法,分别考虑了辞典中反映上下位关系的不同信息。其中模板自动构建方法,在无需人工标注语料的情况下获得了比较好的效果。属性提取部分采用了以人工标注语料为前提的模板匹配方法。实验表明,本文系统对术语上下位关系抽取的F值达到76.01%,对各个属性的抽取也达到了75%以上。     

冷坩埚定向凝固TiAl基合金高温持久性能研究

采用电磁冷坩埚定向凝固技术制备了成分为Ti-47A1-2Cr-2Nb的合金铸锭,定向凝固后的显微组织为α2+γ全片层结构.在0.4～1.2mm/min的抽拉速率范围内,随着抽拉速率的增加,片层间距减小,柱状晶与生长方向的夹角增大.随着温度升高,合金的拉伸强度有所下降,但由于细化片层界面对切变应力变形的阻碍作用,合金的高温拉伸强度会随着抽拉速率的增加而提高.通过对抽拉速率为1.0mm/min试样的拉伸强度与温度的拟合,得到了拉伸强度和温度之间的函数关系.随着抽拉速率的增加,Ti-47A1-2Cr-2Nb合金的持久寿命明显升高,对于抽拉速率为1.2mm/min试样的持久性能测试表明,其持久寿命最长,达到了48h.持久试样的断口形貌表明,其断裂的主要方式是伴随着少量延性断裂的脆性解理断裂.最后根据时间-温度模型,分别采用Larson-Miller和Manson-Haferd参数法建立了定向凝固Ti-47Al-2Cr-2Nb合金的持久强度预测函数模型,预测的理论值与试验结果吻合度较高.     

工程数据库管理系统的探讨

工程数据库管理系统是一个面向CAD/CAM的数据(包括知识)管理系统,它是CAD/CAM软件系统的核心。本文对工程数据库系统在CAD/CAM系统中的地位和作用、工程数据库管理系统的特殊要求以及多级数据管理、多重数据模型、复杂实体的定义和操作、变长域类型及版本化作了一些探讨和建议。     

构建廊坊市政府新型服务管理体系——知识管理

本文试着以廊坊市政府知识管理体系建设为切入点,作为打开市政府知识管理大门的钥匙,在发展完善知识管理理论体系、开拓知识库应用领域的同时,对促进政府适应知识经济发展、向知识型政府转变有一定的启发和指导作用。     

Integration of lessons from recent research for “Earth to Mars” life support systems

Development of reliable and robust strategies for long-term life support for planetary exploration must be built from real-time experimentation to verify and improve system components. Also critical is incorporating a range of viable options to handle potential short-term life system imbalances. This paper revisits some of the conceptual framework for a Mars base prototype which has been developed by the authors along with others previously advanced (“Mars on Earth^®”) in the light of three years of experimentation in the Laboratory Biosphere, further investigation of system alternatives and the advent of other innovative engineering and agri-ecosystem approaches. Several experiments with candidate space agriculture crops have demonstrated the higher productivity possible with elevated light levels and improved environmental controls. For example, crops of sweet potatoes exceeded original Mars base prototype projections by an average of 46% (53% for best crop) ultradwarf (Apogee) wheat by 9% (23% for best crop), pinto bean by 13% (31% for best crop). These production levels, although they may be increased with further optimization of lighting regimes, environmental parameters, crop density etc. offer evidence that a soil-based system can be as productive as the hydroponic systems which have dominated space life support scenarios and research. But soil also offers distinct advantages: the capability to be created on the Moon or Mars using in situ space resources, reduces long-term reliance on consumables and imported resources, and more readily recycling and incorporating crew and crop waste products. In addition, a living soil contains a complex microbial ecosystem which helps prevent the buildup of trace gases or compounds, and thus assist with air and water purification. The atmospheric dynamics of these crops were studied in the Laboratory Biosphere adding to the database necessary for managing the mixed stands of crops essential for supplying a nutritionally adequate diet in space. This paper explores some of the challenges of small bioregenerative life support: air-sealing and facility architecture/design, balance of short-term variations of carbon dioxide and oxygen through staggered plantings, options for additional atmospheric buffers and sinks, lighting/energy efficiency engineering, crop and waste product recycling approaches, and human factor considerations in the design and operation of a Mars base. An “Earth to Mars” project, forging the ability to live sustainably in space (as on Earth) requires continued research and testing of these components and integrated subsystems; and developing a step-by-step learning process.     

浅议我国个人所得税实施中存在的问题及解决对策

个人所得税在调节个人收入、增加财政收入、维护国家权益等方面发挥了积极作用,但是随着我国经济的发展,在实施个人所得税中也逐渐暴露出一些问题.本文针对这些问题,进行了深刻的分析,并提出了解决的对策.     

超声速条件下多体干扰与分离试验研究

采用根据国外公开文献设计的类CAV模型,在0．6m×0．6m 跨/超声速风洞中开展了多体干扰与分离网格测力试验研究,初步获得了典型多体飞行器分离过程中的气动特性变化规律。试验结果表明,载荷模型气动特性受分离位置变化影响非常明显。载荷模型沿轴向分离时,气动力（矩）逐步接近自由流中气动力（矩）值,载荷模型法向位置改变会引发其气动力（矩）值发生更为剧烈的变化。引发这种现象的原因有两个：一是尾迹和头激波的发展改变了不同轴向位置处载荷模型的表面流态,从而影响了其气动特性;二是母机模型底部流动具有明显的非对称膨胀特征,不同法向位置处流速大小和方向差异明显,导致载荷模型气动特性随法向位置变化更为剧烈。     

高温长期时效对一种镍基单晶合金拉伸和持久性能的影响

研究了高温长期时效对一种镍基单晶合金在室温条件下瞬时拉伸强度和在950℃/240MPa条件下持久性能的影响。结果表明:1000℃短期时效100h,合金室温拉伸强度σb与屈服强度σ0.2与时效前相比没有明显变化,时效超过500h后σb和σ0.2开始显著下降,时效超过1000h后,σb和σ0.2随时效时间延长下降幅度减小;短期时效100h和500h样品在950℃/240MPa条件下的持久寿命大幅度降低,延伸率快速上升,时效时间超过1000h后,持久寿命的下降幅度减小,合金的持久寿命与延伸率均趋于稳定。长期时效后γ'相形貌改变及γ/γ'相界面高密度位错网的破坏是时效后合金室温及高温持久性能持续降低的主要原因。     

基于工作过程的航空维修工程实习的改革*

在定位分析航空维修工程专业所面向的岗位、工作任务以及完成任务所要求具备的职业能力的基础上，研究运用基于工作过程的实践教学方法进行教学内容和方法设计的改革，构建并优化了案例库。实践表明，该教学改革可充分发挥学生的主体作用，提高了学生实践技能，增强了学生的工程意识。     

一个方便实用的旋翼数据库

本文介绍了一个以EXCEL和EXCEL VB建立的旋翼数据库。并以一个分库为例介绍了建立和使用方法。