基于极大似然估计器的GNSS矢量跟踪算法

矢量跟踪是一种将全球导航卫星系统(GNSS)接收机的信号跟踪与导航解算融为一体的跟踪算法。传统的基于矢量延迟/频率锁定环(VDFLL)的跟踪算法普遍采用延迟锁定环(DLL)和锁频环(FLL)鉴别器计算伪距和伪距率偏差观测量,由于锁频环鉴别器存在近似误差和一步延迟效应,在高动态环境下容易造成环路失锁。从直接估计卫星信号特征参数的角度出发,基于中频信号模型构建码相位和载波多普勒的极大似然代价函数,采用非迭代估计算法得到各通道码相位和多普勒频移的估计偏差,转换为卡尔曼滤波器的观测矢量,提出一种基于极大似然估计器(MLE)的矢量跟踪算法。理论分析和仿真结果表明:新算法结合了极大似然估计和矢量跟踪的优点,克服了FLL的延迟效应,与基于VDFLL的矢量环路相比,高动态环境下的跟踪稳定性更好,可以对被遮挡的卫星保持持续的跟踪。     

主动冷却燃烧室燃烧与传热耦合过程迭代分析设计方法

为了对主动冷却超燃冲压发动机进行研究与设计,采用实验与计算相结合的方法,对主动冷却超燃冲压发动机燃烧室内传热与燃烧的耦合过程进行了分析。该方法采用燃烧室静压分布的测量值作为输入条件,开展燃气-结构-燃料耦合传热分析,获得经过冷却系统后燃料的状态参数;将燃料的状态参数作为实验参数,开展直联式超声速燃烧实验,得到新的静压分布,如此反复迭代,直至燃料状态不再变化,最终确定主动冷却燃烧室的各种传热与燃烧特性参数。利用该分析方法,初步开展了不同飞行马赫数条件下主动冷却燃烧室闭环运行状态研究,得到了冷却煤油温度与燃烧室壁温同飞行马赫数的关系。     

Application in prestiction friction compensation for angular velocity loop of inertially stabilized platforms

To overcome the influence of the nonlinear friction on the gimbaled servo-system of an inertial stabilized platforms(ISPs) with DC motor direct-drive, the methods of modeling and compensation of the nonlinear friction are proposed. Firstly, the inapplicability of LuGre model when trying to interpret the backward angular displacement in the prestiction regime is observed experimentally and the reason is deduced theoretically. Then, based on the dynamic model of direct-drive ISPs, a modified LuGre model is proposed to describe the characteristic of the friction in the prestiction regime. Furthermore, the state switch condition of the three friction regimes including presliding, gross sliding and prestiction is presented. Finally, a composite compensation controller including a nonlinear friction observer and a feedforward compensator based on the novel LuGre model is designed to restrain the nonlinear friction and to improve the control precision. Experimental results indicate that compared with those of the conventional proportion–integration–differentiation(PID) control method and the PID plus LuGre model-based friction compensation method, the dwell-time has decreased from 0.2 s to almost 0 s, the position error decreased to 86.7%and the peak-to-peak value of position error decreased to 80% after the novel compensation controller is added. It concludes that the composite compensation controller can greatly improve the control precision of the dynamic sealed ISPs.     

高原机场终端区飞行闭环稳定性分析

分析了高原机场终端区飞行的特殊性和影响高原机场飞行闭环稳定性的各种不利因素,指出了在高原机场缺氧条件下对飞行员数学模型修正的必要性和修正方法.采用等效闭环系统方法分析飞机在高原机场环境下的闭环稳定性,利用该思路可以用常规的分析方法研究高原机场飞行员缺氧条件下的闭环稳定性.     

航天器发动机再启动的微重力基础研究

介绍了发动机再启动问题的工程应用背景，阐述了涉及发动机再启动的微重力基础研究，范畴。在微重力条件下，正确考虑外界干扰载荷对贮箱中流体动力学行为的影响是至关重要的。给出了用三维程序计算的一些结果。     

Thermal cyclotron radiation from a hot coronal loop with helical magnetic field

The spectral and polarization properties of thermal cyclotron radio emission from a hot coronal loop with a current along the axis are computed. The magnetic field is supposed to have a component along the loop axis as well as a poloidal part due to the current, both components being of comparable magnitude. In this specific configuration a helical magnetic field is present with a remarkable minimum of its absolute value along the loop axis and a maximum at its periphery. The presence of one or two maxima of magnetic field value along the line of sight results in increasing optical thickness of the gyroresonance layers at appropriate frequencies in the microwave band and, therefore, in enhanced radio emission at those harmonics which are optically thin (for example,s=4). These cannot be observed in models with the commonly employed magnetic field configuration (longitudinal along the loop axis).We show that the frequency spectrum of thermal cyclotron radiation from a hot coronal loop with a helical magnetic field differs from that of the standards-component source (with smooth frequency characteristics and polarization corresponding toe-mode) in that plenty of fine structures (line-like features and cut-offs) are present and theo-mode is prevalent in some frequency intervals. The enhanced radio emission at high harmonics and the complicated form of frequency spectrum in the model considered imply that some microwave sources, which are poorly explained in traditional models of solar active regions, may be associated with helical magnetic fields in hot coronal loops. Computations allow one to indicate spectral and polarizational peculiarities of local sources testifying to the presence of a helical magnetic field.     

一种临近空间升浮一体飞行器气动布局设计研究

应用理论方法和数值模拟方法开展升浮一体太阳能无人机气动布局设计研究,通过优化选形设计获得高升阻比气动布局,对比两种方法的计算结果以及分析存在差别的原因;应用张线天平支撑风洞试验测试技术,对设计布局开展实验验证研究,建立大展弦比的双机身气动布局风洞试验测试方法,分析了不同雷诺数下实验模型的纵向和横向气动特性影响。研究结果表明:风洞试验结果与设计结果吻合良好,验证了设计结果的可靠性,获得了对总体设计具有指导意义的结论和试验数据结果。     

光纤环及其骨架材料膨胀系数测量方法研究与实现

介绍了一种光纤环及其骨架膨胀系数的简易测量方法,并组建了测量系统。利用铝材和不锈钢,对系统的可行性进行了验证,同时用该系统测量了光纤环及不同骨架的膨胀系数,并对实验数据进行了分析研究,实验结果表明：该系统能够为找出与光纤环相匹配的骨架材料提供技术支撑,具有一定的实用和推广应用价值。     

CHZ型重力仪重力测量伺服回路的分频段控制方案

针对原有CHZ型海洋重力仪重力测量伺服回路PI控制模型的不足,提出对强扰动频段(海浪频率)用一个独立反馈回路进行抑制衰减的方案,并进行了理论分析和建模仿真,表明该方案可将海浪对采样质量的扰动幅度降低50％以上,并提高重力测量带宽一个量级,因此可改善重力仪在恶劣海况下的工作性能,改善测量中的非线性效应.     

飞机机头附近液态水含量分布规律的数值研究

在飞行器飞行过程中,安装在机头上的各类传感器结冰会对飞机的飞行安全产生不利影响。而液态水含量是影响飞机结冰的重要参数,为了更好地进行传感器结构及布局设计,对机头附近液态水含量分布规律进行数值研究。采用计算流体力学方法对飞机飞行时的空气-过冷水滴的稀疏两相流场进行数值模拟,通过求解N-S方程获得空气流场,采用欧拉法求解水滴运动场得到水滴运动轨迹。分析在不同来流马赫数、来流迎角及液滴直径等条件下,机头关键截面上广义水滴遮蔽高度的变化及机头关键位置上液态水含量的变化规律,研究不同状态参数对液态水含量分布的影响。结果表明:水滴遮蔽高度及浓度增加区范围随马赫数增大而增加,迎角的变化对机头上下表面液态水含量分布产生相反的影响。