双能透照模式下涡轮叶片DR图像融合方法

为了提高单帧涡轮叶片DR(Digital Radiography)图像的信息量,首先在2个不同射线能量下对涡轮叶片进行DR成像,以获取不同厚度区域的质量信息;然后将2幅DR图像进行多分辨率小波分解,以最大局部方差为准则对二者的低频子带图像进行融合,以局部梯度的活性因子为尺度对二者的高频子带图像进行融合;最后基于小波融合系数的逆变换获得最终的融合结果.实验结果表明:基于此方法的涡轮叶片融合DR图像携带了更为丰富的细节信息,从而有利于叶片质量信息的快速、准确判读.      

前缘射流对涡轮导叶吸力面多排气膜孔冷却特性的影响

为了研究前缘射流对吸力面多排气膜孔下游冷却特性的影响,在跨声速风洞中进行了实验并采用热电偶获得了气膜冷却效率和换热系数。叶栅进口雷诺数的范围为2.0×105 ~ 4.0×105,出口等熵马赫数为0.95,叶栅前的湍流度小于5%。前缘布置6排对冲圆柱孔,质量流量比的范围为2.00% ~ 3.71%,吸力面布置4排圆柱孔,质量流量比的范围为2.02% ~ 3.74%。实验结果表明：在没有前缘射流时,吸力面的气膜冷却效率随质量流量比增大先升高后下降,存在前缘射流时,质量流量比对气膜冷却效率的影响较小。对所有的工况而言,质量流量比增大都提高了吸力面的换热系数。相比于没有前缘射流的工况,前缘射流显著提高了吸力面孔排附近区域的气膜冷却效率并略微降低了换热系数;在吸力面后半段,前缘射流显著提高了换热系数而对气膜冷却效率影响较小。总的来说,前缘射流改善了吸力面孔排附近区域的冷却效果,但是恶化了吸力面后半段区域的冷却效果。     

船舶燃气轮机U型肋通道的颗粒沉积特性研究

为了探究船舶燃气轮机内部冷却通道的颗粒沉积特性,本研究从随压气机抽取的气体进入冷却涡轮内部冷却通道内的颗粒动力学特性及颗粒与壁面相互作用特性出发,基于高温壁面建立速度场影响的沉积模型,利用用户自定义函数实现沉积模型与CFD程序的嵌套。并简化船舶燃气轮机内部冷却通道,选取了在气膜孔与壁面之间夹角β=90°时,下游肋倾角α不同(α=30°,45°,60°,75°,90°),及在下游肋倾角α=60°时,气膜孔与壁面之间夹角β不同(β=30°,45°,60°,75°,90°)的八种不同内冷结构进行数值计算。研究表明,在气膜孔与壁面之间夹角β=90°不变时,随着下游肋倾角由α=90°减到α=30°时,弯头壁面换热性能和沉积率逐渐呈下降趋势,下游肋与肋之间壁面上颗粒的撞击率逐渐上升。下游肋倾角α=60°,气膜孔与壁面之间夹角β=45°的U型肋通道,在八个内冷结构中弯头壁面沉积率最少,换热性能最好,是能够有效改善船舶燃气轮机冷却涡轮的海洋环境工作适应性,减少内部冷却通道中颗粒沉积的内冷结构。     

Review on active thermal protection and its heat transfer for airbreathing hypersonic vehicles

Hypersonic vehicles with turbojet, ramjet, and scramjet engines are expected to be widely applied to future transportation systems. Due to high-speed flight in the atmosphere, body outer surfaces suffer strong aerodynamic heating, and on the other hand, combustion chamber inter walls are under extremely high temperature and heat flux. Therefore, more efficient and stable active cooling technologies are required in hypersonic vehicles, such as regenerative cooling, film cooling, and transpiration cooling, as well as their combinations. This paper presents a comprehensive literature review on three active cooling methods, i.e., regenerative cooling, film cooling, and transpiration cooling, and deeply analyzes the mechanism of each cooling method, including the fluids flow, heat transfer, and thermal cracking characteristics of different hydrocarbon fuels in regenerative cooling, the heat transfer and flow mechanism of film cooling under supersonic mainstream conditions, and the heat transfer and flow mechanism of transpiration cooling.     

源项冷却模型的建模以及在平板和涡轮的应用

为了解决由于划分冷气腔和尺寸过小的多排气膜冷却孔导致网格量过大的问题,本文基于NUAA-Turbo平台,在气膜冷却孔出口处建立适用于变比热条件下的源项冷却模型来代替冷却气体从孔内流出,并且在孔内建立换热模型,用于模拟孔内的对流冷却。对气膜冷却平板算例气动研究发现:在吹风比为1.0时,计算值与试验值相吻合。而对吹风比为1.5的孔下游近壁处计算时,发现流向速度计算值与试验值存在11.1%的误差,但小于商用软件44.4%的误差,尽管发现优化后的源项冷却模型不能很好反映下游近壁处法向速度分布,但计算精度在商用软件源项冷却模型基础上有25%的提高。为了证明该方法的可行性,对气冷高压涡轮MT1导叶的等熵马赫数以及平均努塞尔数等相关实验数据与计算数据作了对比,研究发现:在吸力面和压力面计算值与试验吻合较好,而在无冷却气膜覆盖的叶片尾缘和叶片前缘等局部位置计算值与试验值存在误差。研究表明:优化后的源项冷却模型能够较为准确地模拟冷却射流的宏观特征,该方法对工程上气冷涡轮的设计有一定的应用潜力。     

Experimental investigation of the full coverage film cooling effectiveness of a turbine blade with shaped holes

The film cooling effectiveness of two turbine blades at different turbulence intensities(0.62% and 16.00%) and mass flux ratios(2.91%, 5.82%, 8.73% and 11.63%) is studied by using the Pressure-Sensitive Paint(PSP) measurement technique. There are a baseline and an improved turbine blade in current work, and their film cooling hole position distribution is the same. But the hole shape on suction surface and pressure surface is changed from cylindrical hole(baseline)to laid-back fan-shaped hole(im...     

出/入口面积相等的收缩-扩张孔气膜冷却特性

采用一种可进行全表面测量的瞬态液晶测量技术测量了一种出口面积与入口面积相等的收缩扩张形孔的气膜冷却特性,研究了动量比(0.5,1,2,4)的影响,并与传统的出口面积小于入口面积的收缩扩张形孔的气膜冷却特性进行了对比。结果表明:收缩扩张形孔射流均完全覆盖了孔下游壁面,射流的交汇以及对涡结构使得孔中心线附近区域的冷却效率较低,而孔间区域的冷却效率较高。在上游区域,孔间区域的换热系数比相对孔中心线附近区域的较高,而在下游区域,对涡结构又使得孔间区域的换热系数比相对较低。出口-入口面积比不同的两种收缩扩张形孔的冷却效率分布规律和换热系数比分布规律都比较相似,但出口-入口面积比为1的收缩扩张形孔的冷却效率以及上游区域的换热系数比的数值都相对较低。而且出口-入口面积比为1的收缩扩张形孔的流量系数明显高于出口-入口面积比小于1的收缩扩张形孔。     

卫星天线抗静电技术研究的进展

论述了卫星天线的主要电环境：地球同步轨道和低高度极轨空间环境;卫星天线表面充电的危害性; 抗静电膜的发展水平。已研制出了导电膜＋ Ｋａｐｔｏｎ（聚酰亚胺） ＋ 温控漆的复合结构抗静电膜和加有氧化锡的可溶性高聚物涂层。通过环境效应试验、抗静电膜对天线电性能影响的试验和模拟极光充电环境下的充放电评估实验, 证明抗静电膜符合天线性能要求, 并可以有效控制天线表面的充电电位     

Thermal state calculation of chamber in small thrust liquid rocket engine for steady state pulsed mode

This paper presents a method of thermal state calculation of combustion chamber in small thrust liquid rocket engine. The goal is to predict the thermal state of chamber wall by using basic parameters of engine: thrust level, propellants, chamber pressure, injection pattern, film cooling parameters, material of wall and their coating, etc. The difficulties in modeling the startup and shutdown processes of thrusters lie in the fact that there are the conjugated physical processes occurring at various parameters for non-design conditions. A mathematical model to predict the thermal state of the combustion chamber for different engine operation modes is developed. To simulate the startup and shutdown processes, a quasi-steady approach is applied by replacing the transient process with time-variant operating parameters of steady-state processes. The mathematical model is based on several principles and data commonly used for heat transfer modeling: geometry of flow part, gas dynamics of flow, thermodynamics of propellants and combustion spices, convective and radiation heat flows, conjugated heat transfer between hot gas and wall, and transient approach for calculation of thermal state of construction. Calculations of the thermal state of the combustion chamber in single-turn-on mode show good convergence with the experimental results. The results of pulsed modes indicate a large temperature gradient on the internal wall surface of the chamber between pulses and the thermal state of the wall strongly depends on the pulse duration and the interval.     

利用交变旋转磁场去除叶片气膜孔毛刺的试验研究

对航空发动机叶片采用电火花打出气膜冷却孔后产生的毛刺,用传统的加工方法难以去除,利用交变旋转电磁场带动微细磁针旋转与气膜冷却孔发生碰撞可有效去除叶片气膜冷却孔的毛刺。从理论上分析了磁力研磨法的工作原理、磁力研磨过程中磁针的运动方式以及影响磁力研磨加工效率的因素,并对气膜冷却孔进行磁力研磨抛光试验;采用3D超景深显微镜观察叶片气膜冷却孔研磨前后表面微观形貌的变化。试验结果表明:利用磁力研磨法可以有效去除叶片气膜冷却孔的毛刺,使表面形貌得到改善,满足工件的使用要求。