某型滑轨组件焊接工艺研究

某型滑轨组件采用结构钢基体与厚度为1.5mm的无油自润滑轴承衬板焊接而成。结构钢基体采用18Cr2Ni4WA材料,具有支撑、保证整体刚性的作用。将自润滑衬板冲压成形与滑轨紧密贴合后,边缘采用电子束焊接工艺进行连接。提出一种抗脱落、耐摩擦、精度高、摩擦系数小、成本低、能承受较大载荷的高压燃油柱塞泵滑轨的结构设计方案及加工工艺。     

商用航空发动机盘轴类转动件焊接工艺分析

盘轴类转动件作为商用航空发动机的关键重要部件,且为限寿件,直接决定了商用航空发动机的可靠性和成本。随着焊接技术的发展,先进商用航空发动机盘轴类转动件越来越多地采用焊接工艺来代替螺栓连接,以减轻结构重量并提高其可靠性。目前,电子束焊和惯性摩擦焊作为主要焊接方法,在商用航空发动机盘轴类转动件的焊接中发挥着越来越重要的作用。     

电子束快速成形TC18钛合金的显微组织与硬度的关系

研究了电子束快速成形TC18钛合金(简称KTC 18)3种典型退火制度下显微组织演化规律及与显微硬度的关系.结果表明,在700～830℃单一退火条件下,合金相组成为初生α相与亚稳β相,随着温度升高,初生α相体积分数减少,基体显微硬度变化较小;在双重退火条件下,500～650℃之间低温退火过程中会析出细小、编织排列的条状α相,可显著提高基体硬度,随着低温退火温度升高,α析出相粗化且数量变少,导致基体硬度降低;三重退火条件下,高温炉冷和中温退火过程中会产生粗大的竹叶状一次α相,其数量随中温退火温度升高而减少,对显微硬度影响较小.低温退火析出的细小、弥散α相对KTC 18显微硬度影响最大,其数量和尺寸取决于其他类型α相的数量和低温退火制度.     

TA15钛合金电子束焊平行焊缝形貌及显微组织研究

对TA15钛合金厚板电子束焊接均匀焊缝即熔合线近似平行的焊缝的电子束焊接工艺进行了研究,获得了一系列均匀焊缝的焊接工艺方法。选用加速电压为140kV、焊接速度600mm/min,聚焦电流318mA和338mA,电子束流43mA和50mA的工艺条件获得了2种形状的焊缝。研究结果表明,电流越大,焊缝显微组织越粗大,热影响区越宽,接头显微硬度曲线也越平滑。     

TC4-DT合金电子束焊接接头低周疲劳性能研究

通过对TC4-DT钛合金母材、电子束焊接接头显微组织的分析及焊接接头不同位置疲劳性能的测试,研究了焊接接头显微组织特点,比较了母材与焊接接头不同位置处的低周疲劳性能,讨论了不同应变水平下接头的断口形貌.结果表明,当疲劳应变幅△εt/2小于0.6％时,TC4-DT钛合金母材与接头的疲劳寿命2Nf基本相同,当疲劳应变幅△ε...     

Electron density retrieval from occulting GNSS signals using a gradient-aided inversion technique

In the coming years, opportunities for remote sensing of electron density in the Earth’s ionosphere will expand with the advent of Galileo, which will become part of the global navigation satellite system (GNSS). Methods for accurate electron density retrieval from radio occultation data continue to improve. We describe a new method of electron density retrieval using total electron content measurements obtained in low Earth orbit. This method can be applied to data from dual-frequency receivers tracking the GPS or Galileo transmitters. This simulation study demonstrates that the method significantly improves retrieval accuracy compared to the standard Abel inversion approach that assumes a spherically symmetric ionosphere. Our method incorporates horizontal gradient information available from global maps of Total Electron Content (TEC), which are available from the International GNSS Service (IGS) on a routine basis. The combination of ground and space measurements allows us to improve the accuracy of electron density profiles near the occultation tangent point in the E and F regions of the ionosphere.     

Peculiarities of the nighttime winter foF2 increase over Irkutsk

An analysis of properties and peculiarities of the nighttime winter foF2 increases (NWI) in the East Siberia is made on data of ionospheric station Irkutsk in the periods 1958–1992 and 2002–2009 and the empirical model of the F2 layer critical frequency under the geomagnetic quiet conditions deduced from these data (model Q-F2). It is revealed, that the NWI is the stable regularity of the quiet ionosphere over Irkutsk. The amplitude of the NWI (the difference between maximum and minimum foF2 values at night hours) is the greatest in December–January and nearly the same at low and middle solar activity. It is a peculiarity of the quiet ionosphere in the East Siberia. Maximum in night foF2 under quiet geomagnetic conditions is observed mainly after midnight (02-04 LT) and is shifted to predawn hours as solar activity increases. At low solar activity the quiet ionosphere at ∼02–04 LT shows the following properties: (a) the fluctuations of foF2 and hmF2 are in the reverse correlation but this dependence is weak; (b) very strong fluctuations of foF2 (|δfoF2| > 30%) occur seldom (∼4% of events) and almost all of them are positive; an example of very strong fluctuations of foF2 up to 60% can be an extreme increase in the foF2 on 19.12.2008; (c) the very strong enhancements of foF2 in the NWI maximum can be observed at the low geomagnetic activity, they occur more often during substorms but very seldom during geomagnetic storms. Possible reasons of these properties of NWI are discussed.     

GNSS radio tomography of the ionosphere: The problem with essentially incomplete data

We discuss the specific features of the spatiotemporal radio tomography of ionospheric electron density based on the data from high orbiting global navigational satellite system (GNSS). The main peculiarities are four-dimensionality of the problem and essential incompleteness of input data. The approach suggested for the solution of this problem is based on the search for the solution with minimal Sobolev’s norm (the most smooth solution), which provides, in particular, smooth extension of the solution to the area where no input data is available. Methods and algorithms for the solution of the problem are developed, and the resolution of the proposed technique is estimated. Examples of global and regional radio tomographic imaging based on GNSS data are presented. The obtained results are compared with the data of ionosondes and with the results of radio tomography based on the radio transmissions from low-orbiting satellites.     

Possible interstellar anions: CnS and CnO (n = 2–8)

The geometries, electron affinities and/or electron detachment energies for the C_nS and C_nO (n = 2–8) molecules and their anions were calculated by using the RCCSD (T) method. The C_nS⁻ (even n = 4, 6, and 8) and C_nO⁻ (even n = 6 and 8) anions are found to be substantially more stable than their corresponding neutral species. Several anions are potentially detectable as interstellar molecules.     

Coupling plasma plume of a low-power magnetically shielded Hall thruster with a hollow cathode

The coupling region of a Hall thruster with a hollow cathode is the region between the cathode and the thruster plume. The characteristics of plasma in that region are complicated and strongly associated with the thruster working conditions and the cathode position. In this paper, a laboratory 100 W class magnetically shielded Hall thruster was coupled with a hollow cathode. Optical imaging and electrostatic probe were employed to monitor and scan the plasma plume. Plume characteristics in the coupling region in non-self-sustained mode and self-sustained mode were compared. Evolution of the coupling plume with the cathode position was studied. Experiments show that, when turning the thruster into self-sustained mode or moving the cathode further away axially, the discharge current can be reduced by 6.4–10.6% restraining the electron current and improving ionization. In particular, when the cathode is moved further, the electron conduction near the channel walls is suppressed. The electron current is reduced by 27.4% and the ion beam current is increased by 7%. Overall, this work shows that the working mode of the thruster and the position of the cathode greatly affect the coupling plasma plume. Both play an important role in improving the utilizations of propellant and current.