高效合成射流激励信号的实验验证

在水槽中对合成射流控制圆柱分离进行了实验研究,射流出口为狭缝,由圆柱后驻点向下游喷射.为了进一步提高合成射流的控制效率,笔者采用了一种改变合成射流上下半周期时间比的高效合成射流激励信号.实验表明:对于采用标准正弦信号的普通合成射流,随着基于射流出口平均速度的雷诺数ReU的增大,圆柱后缘分离区变小,分离点推后.当ReU约大于430时,圆柱后缘分离区消失,绕流可完全再附.伴随合成射流的吹吸,圆柱后缘尾迹出现周期性的张合现象,从而抑制了卡门涡的脱落.采用高效合成射流激励信号,固定ReU,减小正弦信号形状因子k,合成射流的控制效率降低;k增大到足够高时,合成射流出口速度和诱导涡量强度大幅增加,使控制效率得到显著提高,从而很好地验证了这种高效合成射流激励信号对合成射流控制效果的影响.     

某风扇/增压级非设计点性能计算及进气畸变影响分析

在原流线曲率法程序的基础上, 增加了适用于高速风扇/压气机的双激波损失模型.真实地反映了高速风扇/压气机的实际工作状况, 提高了预测高速风扇/压气机非设计点性能的准确性, 完善了分析进气畸变对风扇/压气机性能及稳定性影响的准三维计算模型.针对一台外涵转子叶尖马赫数大于1.4的大涵道比风扇/增压级, 计算分析了其非设计点性能以及进气畸变的影响.计算结果与试验结果吻合较好, 精度可靠, 可应用于工程实际.      

多压电膜式零质量射流激励器的设计与性能研究

设计了一种多压电膜式零质量射流激励器,并利用热线风速仪,得到了对应于射流中心线上固定位置处速度最大时的最佳频率.在该频率下,测量了零质量射流在不同孔径时沿中心线的速度分布;测量、分析和比较了不同激励膜数目对射流出口速度分布的影响.表明:在其他条件完全相同的情况下,一片振动膜时的激励器出口中心线上的平均速度和峰值速度,都较5片膜的情况小一半左右,而3片和5片压电膜时的激励器性能差别却不大.也就是说,虽然压电膜的数目增加能使激励器出口射流的能量增加,但这两者之间并非呈线性关系.此外还用PIV测量方法,直观地显示了射流出口的涡结构.      

复合舵机的神经网络自校正控制

针对复合舵机的时变和非线性特性,提出了神经网络自校正控制方法.用改进的非线性自回归滑动平均模型(NARMA)对复合舵机进行动态建模,采用多层感知器神经网络辨识舵机非线性模型,由广义逆思想设计出控制器,并根据被控对象与辨识模型间误差在线调整网络权值,进而修正控制律,实现了复合舵机的自校正控制.仿真结果表明,在模型有时变及非线性因素的情况下,此方法仍能得到较好的控制效果.      

电致动聚合物致动器材料及放大结构综述

为满足航天应用的需要,本文对EAP材料研究情况和它们典型的压电致动器放大结构发展趋势进行了综述。首先比较了干湿EAP材料的特性,提出了应用中需要注意的一些问题;其次,以典型的压电致动器放大结构为例,分析了其优缺点,强调了一些新颖的概念。最后指出,为克服航天应用中EAP致动器力和行程的限制,需要根据实际应用从材料和放大结构两方面展开深入研究。     

Experimental study of an insert and its influence on churning losses in a high-speed electro-hydrostatic actuator pump of an aircraft

The speed of an Electro-Hydrostatic Actuator (EHA) pump can recently reach 20000 r/min, and its churning losses increase obviously with an increasing speed, which results in low efficiency and thus increasing heat in aircraft EHA systems. In order to reduce churning losses at high speeds, more attention should be given to the design of an insert. In this paper, the effect of an insert with different design parameters on churning losses is investigated through Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) simulation and experiments by calculating the difference between churning losses torques of the test pump with and without the insert based on a high-speed churning losses test rig. Analytical results show that the gap between the insert and the cylinder is critical for churning losses reduction. It is found that the churning losses of the test pump can be reduced with a decreasing gap between the cylinder block and the insert at high speeds. This is because the insert can decrease the turbulence occurrence at high speeds. The results can be used for flow field analysis and optimization of the high-speed EHA pump and provide a new method for improving efficiency of high-speed EHA pumps.     

某型飞机空中飘摆故障分析及防护措施

分析某型飞机平尾助力器故障导致飞机在空中飞行时产生飘摆现象的原因,提出修理改进措施及维护对策。     

Active fault tolerant control for vertical tail damaged aircraft with dissimilar redundant actuation system

This paper proposes an active fault-tolerant control strategy for an aircraft with dissim-ilar redundant actuation system (DRAS) that has suffered from vertical tail damage. A damage degree coefficient based on the effective vertical tail area is introduced to parameterize the damaged flight dynamic model. The nonlinear relationship between the damage degree coefficient and the corresponding stability derivatives is considered. Furthermore, the performance degradation of new input channel with electro-hydrostatic actuator (EHA) is also taken into account in the dam-aged flight dynamic model. Based on the accurate damaged flight dynamic model, a composite method of linear quadratic regulator (LQR) integrating model reference adaptive control (MRAC) is proposed to reconfigure the fault-tolerant control law. The numerical simulation results validate the effectiveness of the proposed fault-tolerant control strategy with accurate flight dynamic model. The results also indicate that aircraft with DRAS has better fault-tolerant control ability than the traditional ones when the vertical tail suffers from serious damage.     

超低空空投航迹倾角自适应跟踪控制

针对超低空空投下滑阶段考虑执行器输入死区、不确定性大气扰动以及模型存在未知非线性等因素干扰轨迹精确跟踪等问题,提出了一种自适应神经网络动态面跟踪控制方法.建立了含执行器输入死区的超低空空投载机纵向非线性模型,采用神经网络逼近模型中未知非线性函数,引入非线性鲁棒补偿项消除了执行器死区建模误差和外界扰动.应用Lyapunov稳定性理论证明了闭环系统所有信号均是有界收敛的.仿真验证表明,所提方法既保证了轨迹跟踪的精确性,又具有强鲁棒性.     

某型航空发动机加速性故障分析

某型发动机台架试车检查加速性时,出现加速时间过长故障。通过故障定位、机理分析和排除,得出该型发动机排气温度限制系统异常,对发动机加速性有一定影响。该故障案例为排除发动机加速性故障提供了一种新思路。