Best practices for model-based and simulation-aided engineering of power transmission and motion control systems

This paper deals with the modelling and simulation of aircraft systems, in particular for power transmission and control. It is intended to review, propose and disseminate best practices for making model-based/simulation-aided engineering more efficient at any phase of the system life cycle. The proposals are aimed at creating value, not only by increasing the performance of the product under study but also by shortening the time to market, capitalizing knowledge, mitigating risks and facilitating concurrent engineering. The needs associated with the engineering activities are firstly identified to define a set of requirements for the models. Then, these requirements are used to drive the considerations leading to model development, focusing in particular on the process, modelled physical effects, modelling level, model architecting and concurrent engineering. The third part deals with the model implementation, giving special consideration to the different types of models, causalities, parameterization, implementation and verification. Each part is illustrated by examples related to safety critical actuators.     

不同电极材料下ADN基液体推进剂电点火特性的实验研究

目前二硝酰胺铵(ADN)基液体推进剂在工程应用中均采用催化点火燃烧方式,而电点火可以避开催化剂高温失活、冷启动等问题。为了研究ADN基液体推进剂的电点火特性,在密封装置中开展了不同电极材料下推进剂液滴电点火实验,并研究了180V～230V电压范围内液滴着火延迟时间、着火持续时间以及燃烧过程的变化规律。结果表明:ADN基液体推进剂能够通过电阻加热点火方式点燃。采用钨丝电极时,着火延迟时间、着火持续时间和反应总时间均随着电压增加逐渐减小,在230V电压时相对于180V时分别减小了25%,56%和38%。采用钼丝电极时,着火延迟时间在180V～200V范围随着电压增加逐渐降低,在200V～230V电压范围内基本不变;着火持续时间总体上随着电压的增加而呈现略微增加的趋势,但增加幅度较小;反应总时间在180V～230V电压范围内基本稳定在1.5s左右。     

Surface-improvement mechanism of hybrid electrochemical discharge process using variable-amplitude pulses

Superalloys are commonly used in aircraft manufacturing; however, the requirements for high surface quality and machining accuracy make them difficult to machine. In this study, a hybrid electrochemical discharge process using variable-amplitude pulses is proposed to achieve this target. In this method, electrochemical machining (ECM) and electrical discharge machining (EDM) are unified into a single process using a sequence of variable-amplitude pulses such that the machining process realizes both good surface finish and high machining accuracy. Furthermore, the machining mechanism of the hybrid electrochemical discharge process using variable-amplitude pulses is studied. The mechanism is investigated by observations of machining waveforms and machined surface. It is found that, with a high-frequency transformation between high- and low-voltage waveforms within a voltage cycle, the machining mechanism is frequently transformed from EDM to pure ECM. The critical discharge voltage is 40 V. When pulse voltages greater than 40 V are applied, the machining accuracy is good; however, the surface has defects such as numerous discharge craters. High machining accuracy is maintained when high-voltage pulses are replaced by low-voltage pulses to enhance electrochemical dissolution. The results indicate that the proposed hybrid electrochemical discharge process using variable-amplitude pulses can yield high-quality surfaces with high machining accuracy.     

民用飞机线束主通道规划设计

综合中国民用航空规章25部对于电气线路互联系统(EWIS)的隔离要求,提出了民用飞机EWIS主通道的规划设计方法。以某型飞机供配电系统为例,通过将导线按电磁兼容类别、余度功能、独立电源以及特殊系统线路进行分类,编制导线敷设的通道代码,并在规划线束通道时,将不同类别线束、线束与结构、管路、操纵钢索等按照一定的距离进行隔离,在不满足隔离距离的情况下,通过施加隔离保护装置的措施进行等效隔离,完成线束主通道在机上的布局,从而实现EWIS的隔离。     

基于电子展成原理的直齿锥齿轮齿形误差测量

针对传统基于接触印痕检验的直齿锥齿轮齿形误差检测方法存在的难以定量描述几何误差、量值溯源性差等缺点,提出一种基于电子展成原理的直齿锥齿轮齿形误差测量与评定方法,首先建立了直齿锥齿轮的理论齿形及齿形误差测量的数学模型,然后在基于全闭环交流伺服控制系统的齿轮测量中心上,控制传感器测头在空间扫描形成直齿锥齿轮的理论齿形曲线,依据连续扫描过程中的传感器读数对直齿锥齿轮的齿形误差进行测量与评定。结果表明,该方法可在现有CNC齿轮测量中心上实现直齿锥齿轮齿形误差的自动测量与评定,具有测量效率与自动化程度高、量值溯源性好等显著优点。     

民用飞机配电网络过流保护分析方法研究

飞机配电网络过流保护分析是验证飞机电网设计合理性、可靠性和安全性的重要内容之一.因此,主要对飞机配电网络过流保护分析方法进行了研究,并提出了一种特性曲线法.该特性曲线法基于导线载流特性曲线和电网保护装置过流保护动作特性曲线,分析方法简单、实用,可用于支持合格审定阶段飞机配电网络设计验证.     

Geomagnetic activity indicators for geomagnetically induced current studies in South Africa

Intense geomagnetic activity is known to give rise to large geomagnetically induced currents (GICs) in power transmission grids. Recordings of geomagnetic activity provide an efficient and economical way for power transmission system operators to assess GIC risks in retrospective studies. This study investigates local geomagnetic indicators (i.e., hourly peak value, hourly range indicator and hourly standard deviation) in order to determine their usefulness for understanding the drivers of GICs in the South African power network. Results show that the GICs have a higher correlation with the geomagnetic indicators derived from the East–West component of the horizontal geomagnetic field, than the indicators derived from the North–South component of the horizontal field. This directional dependence corresponds very well with the North–South orientation of the power lines feeding the power transformers at the South African Grassridge electrical substation GIC site. It therefore follows that, the geoelectric field driving the GICs at Grassridge is North–South oriented. Further, it is shown that the hourly range indicator has a higher correlation with the GICs than the hourly standard deviation for this particular network configuration.     

电火花表面强化TC4 钛合金的组织与性能

以石墨为电极,分别在煤油和雾介质中对TC4钛合金(表面分别未涂覆及涂覆碳层)进行电火花表面强化.对强化层微观组织、相组成及显微硬度进行了研究.结果表明,所有强化层组织均呈菊花瓣状.合金表面涂覆碳层后强化层表面球状碳化物数量都较未涂覆时明显增加,且在煤油介质中得到的强化层中碳化物在花瓣边缘处聚集,雾介质条件下碳化物分布更为弥散、均匀.对强化层进行物相分析表明,强化相由电极C和基体Ti原位反应生成,强化层由基体α-Ti和TiC相组成.强化层表面显微硬度较原始TC4钛合金相比大幅提高,雾介质中得到的强化层显微硬度值与煤油介质中基本相同,可达800 MPa左右,但分布更为均匀,力学性能更稳定.     

等离子体对超燃燃烧室凹腔性能影响的数值研究

在超燃燃烧室凹腔上游及其底部近前壁面处布置电极产生丝状等离子体,基于准直流电弧放电热阻塞原理,采用数值模拟方法研究了等离子体对燃烧室均温、凹腔均温、剪切层、凹腔阻力以及质量交换率的影响.结果显示:等离子体对燃烧室整体的温升效应可以忽略,但能够明显提高凹腔内平均温度;受丝状等离子体对凹腔的预热及对剪切层的“切割”作用,剪切层中沿流动方向的涡强度降低,从而降低了凹腔前缘及后缘撞击激波强度,使其附近压力分布更平滑;丝状等离子体存在时,凹腔阻力系数明显下降,质量交换率也大幅提高,但增大等离子体输入功率对改善控制效果的影响不明显.     

嵌入式中温共固化复合材料阻尼结构制作工艺及层间结合性能

嵌入式共固化复合材料阻尼结构层间易脱层问题的解决对这种新型阻尼结构的应用来说至关重要.本文根据中温固化玻璃纤维/环氧树脂复合材料固化工艺参数,提出用正交实验法研究嵌入复合材料层中的粘弹性阻尼薄膜的组分,探索用刷涂工艺在预浸料表面刷涂不同厚度的阻尼薄膜,然后利用固化工艺制作嵌入式共固化复合材料试件,最后通过阻尼层剪切实验,获得阻尼薄膜厚度与层间最大剪切应力的变化曲线.失效界面分析说明刷涂工艺制成的阻尼薄膜与玻璃纤维/环氧树脂预浸料共固化反应后在层间形成互穿网络结构(IPN)和物理融合,这使得嵌入式共固化复合材料具有更好的层间结合性能.