空间推进技术专刊——毛细管放电型脉冲等离子体推力器输出特性分析

为了研究毛细管放电型脉冲等离子体推力器输出特性,本文借助电学诊断手段展开实验研究,获得了推力器典型放电波形,系统研究了不同毛细管内径和施加电压对等离子体等效阻抗,沉积能量效率的影响规律。利用微冲量测量台架,测试了不同参数下毛细管推力器输出元冲量,并通过计算获得了推力器比冲、总体效率的变化规律。实验结果表明,当毛细管内径不断增大时,能量沉积效率不断下降,元冲量下降,比冲降低。主电容电压增大时,放电能量不断增大,能量沉积效率降低,元冲量和单次等效烧蚀质量不断增大,但推力器比冲和总体效率均先增加并趋于稳定。当毛细管腔体长度为16 mm,内径3 mm,主电容2.5 μF,充电电压为2 kV时,输出元冲量350.79±7.50 μN s,比冲531 s,总体效率可达18.3%。     

毛细管放电型脉冲等离子体推力器输出特性分析

为了研究毛细管放电型脉冲等离子体推力器输出特性,借助电学诊断手段展开实验研究,获得了推力器典型放电波形,系统研究了不同毛细管内径和施加电压对等离子体等效阻抗、沉积能量效率的影响规律。利用微冲量测量台架,测试了不同参数下毛细管推力器输出元冲量,并通过计算获得了推力器比冲、总体效率的变化规律。实验结果表明,当毛细管内径不断增大时,能量沉积效率不断下降,元冲量下降,比冲降低。主电容电压增大时,放电能量不断增大,能量沉积效率降低,元冲量和单次等效烧蚀质量不断增大,但推力器比冲和总体效率均先增加并趋于稳定。当毛细管腔体长度为16mm,内径3mm,主电容2.5μF,充电电压为2kV时,输出元冲量350.79±7.50μN?s,比冲531s,总体效率可达18.3%。     

民用飞机防火系统试验室气流模拟系统设计

在民用飞机防火系统地面模拟试验中,由于气流流量对试验具有重要的影响,因此,需要模拟发动机风扇舱、发动机核心舱、APU舱和货舱在飞行中的气流流量。由于流量的精度对试验结果具有重要的影响,设计一种基于PLC控制的气流模拟系统,基于PID控制算法,通过变频器控制电机带动风机模拟所需的气流,满足地面试验的要求。     

Effect of the Interplanetary Electric Field on the Magnetopause From Global MHD Simulations

The north-south component B_z of the Interplanetary Magnetic Field (IMF) and solar wind dynamic pressure P_d are generally treated as the two main factors in the solar wind that determine the geometry of the magnetosphere. By using the 3D global MHD simulations, we investigate the effect of the Interplanetary Electric Field (IEF) on the size and shape of magnetopause quantitatively. Our numerical experiments confirm that the geometry of the magnetopause are mainly determined by P_dB_z, as expected. However, the dawn-dusk IEFs have great impact on the magnetopause erosion because of the magnetic reconnection, thus affecting the size and shape of the magnetopause. Higher solar wind speed with the same B_z will lead to bigger dawn-dusk IEFs, which means the higher reconnection rate, and then results in more magnetic flux removal from the dayside. Consequently, the dayside magnetopause moves inward and flank magnetopause moves outward.      

同轴型微波等离子推力器磁场效应

在2.45 GHz同轴型微波等离子体推力器中加入磁场可以提高推力器的性能。这是由于磁场的存在,在推力器启动阶段会形成电子回旋共振区;稳定工作时,等离子体获得的焦尔热比没有磁场时高,这些都增加了等离子体吸收的微波能量。以氩气为工质,对外加磁场微波等离子推力器进行了实验研究,结果表明,推力器可以达到较高的耦合效率。对等离子体羽流的诊断则表明,外加磁场提高了推力器谐振腔内工质气体的电离度。     

混合推进最省燃料轨道设计方法

使用混合推进方式设计地-月圆型限制性三体模型下的最省燃料转移轨道。将化学发动机以及电推进发动机的燃料消耗总和作为目标函数进行优化,推导一阶必要条件和雅可比矩阵。选择从近地圆轨道出发到达地-月L1附近Halo轨道的转移轨道为例测试上述方法。仿真结果表明,相比发射脉冲固定的情况,混合推进方式进一步降低了燃料消耗,而且给出了飞行时间和燃料消耗不同的组合方式,给予任务设计更大的灵活性。     

地球轨道卫星电推进变轨控制方法

针对地球同步轨道（GEO）卫星,采用电推进系统完成转移轨道变轨。采用基于Lyapunov函数的反馈控制方法确定时间最短变轨策略。首先在开普勒模型下研究变轨过程,然后在开普勒模型的基础上考虑地球J2项摄动和地球阴影,最后在全引力模型下研究变轨过程,即在开普勒模型的基础上考虑地球非球形引力摄动、日月第三体引力摄动、太阳光压摄动和地球阴影。仿真结果显示在变轨过程中摄动项不可忽略,除地球J2项摄动外还应该考虑日月第三体引力摄动和太阳光压摄动。对比上述三组仿真结果,发现考虑摄动后轨道转移时间的增加比燃料消耗的增加更为明显。数值仿真结果表明本文研究对未来的全电推进任务具有良好的通用性和应用参考价值。     

On high-altitude electric fields in the auroral downward current region and their coupling to ionospheric electric fields

The downward field-aligned current region plays an active role in magnetosphere–ionosphere coupling processes associated with aurora. A quasi-static electric field structure with a downward parallel electric field forms at altitudes between 800 km and 5000 km, accelerating ionospheric electrons upward, away from the auroral ionosphere. Other phenomena including energetic ion conics, electron solitary waves, low-frequency wave activity, and plasma density cavities occur in this region, which also acts as a source region for VLF saucers. Results are presented from high-altitude Cluster observations with particular emphasis on the characteristics and dynamics of quasi-static electric field structures. These, extending up to altitudes of at least 4–5 Earth radii, appear commonly as monopolar or bipolar electric fields. The former occur at sharp boundaries, such as the polar cap boundary whereas the bipolar fields occur at softer boundaries within the plasma sheet. The temporal evolution of quasi-static electric field structures, as captured by the pearls-on-a-string configuration of the Cluster spacecraft, indicates that the formation of electric field structures and of ionospheric plasma density cavities are closely coupled processes. A related feature of the downward current is a broadening of the current sheet with time, possibly related to the depletion process. Preliminary studies of the coupling of electric fields in the downward current region, show that small-scale structures are typically decoupled from the ionosphere, similar to what has been found for the upward current region. However, exceptions are also found where small-scale electric fields couple perfectly between the ionosphere and Cluster altitudes. Recent FAST results indicate that the degree of coupling differs between sheet-like and curved structures, and that it is typically partial. The electric field coupling further depends on the current–voltage relationship, which is highly non-linear in the downward current region, and still unrevealed, as to its specific form.     

碳纤维电阻率的评价表征

通过对QJ3074-1998中的测试原理和测试夹具的改进,提高了四探针法线材电阻率测试仪的测试精度并拓宽了测试范围,获得了试验验证.通过试样长度对测试结果的影响及试验条件对测试结果的影响等试验,系统评价表征了各种碳纤维的电阻率,为建立碳纤维电阻率测试方法标准奠定了重要的技术和数据基础.     

制作微结构的超声复合加工机理

提出了制作微结构的超声复合加工方法,分析了超声、超声复合电火花、超声复合电解微细加工机理。用微细放电组合工艺制作了多种截形微细工具电极;完善试验系统,进行了多种材料、形状微结构超声复合加工试验。结果表明:超声加工是制作硬脆材料微结构的有效方法;超声复合电火花制作金属材料微结构有较好的精度及加工稳定性;超声复合电解加工兼有效率高、精度好的技术优势。