Magnetospheric Physics in China: 2012–2014

In the past two years, many progresses have been made in magnetospheric physics by using the data of Double Star Program, Cluster, THEMIS and RBSP missions, or by computer simulations. This paper briefly reviews these works based on papers selected from the 126 publications from March 2012 to March 2014. The subjects cover various sub-branches of magnetospheric physics,including geomagnetic storm, magnetospheric substorm and magnetic reconnection.     

新型缓冲腿结构设计及性能分析

腿部结构是实现仿生蝗虫跳跃机器人良好缓冲性能的重要组成部分,因此对其进行结构设计及分析具有重要的意义。为实现更好的着陆缓冲性能,基于蝗虫腿部生理结构和现有仿生串联腿的结构形式,设计了一种新型的用于跳跃机器人的缓冲腿。在对缓冲腿的力学性能进行分析的基础上,根据缓冲性能评价原则,对结构参数进行了分析及优化,并对同时处于最优状态下的新型缓冲腿和原有仿生串联缓冲腿的缓冲性能进行分析比较。相对于原有仿生串联缓冲腿,改进后的新型缓冲腿受到地面作用力的幅值减小了25.3%,储能能力提高了34.6%。这为仿生蝗虫跳跃机器人及其他着陆机构的研制提供了依据。      

火星着陆器扶正展开动力学研究

火星着陆技术是实现对火星探测的关键技术。文章通过对四面体着陆器展开过程进行深入研究,提出了一种应用于四面体火星着陆器扶正展开的方法,并对该方法进行了详细的分析和计算;通过火星着陆器扶正展开动力学的分析,提出了扶正展开系统的动作策略,对实现扶正展开的姿态确认进行了分析和设计;基于Hamilton法建立了扶正展开着陆器的动力学模型,对多姿态下扶正展开执行器的动力学特性进行了分析,获得了扶正及展开过程中的力矩特性,从而可以对翻转动作进行定量的分析,实现翻转能量的最小化。该研究对于火星着陆器的设计具有参考意义。     

CCD信号处理的滤波器设计

介绍了CCD信号处理电路的工作原理,描述了相关双采样对CCD输出信号的处理过程以及处理后的波形。通过对相关双采样的输出与A/D采样时钟的时序关系,确定了A/D变换前的滤波器对相关双采样输出信号的前沿最大影响,然后通过计算确定滤波器的带宽以及相关参数。最后对滤波器进行了初步设计,最后使用Pspice软件对滤波器进行了仿真。     

Improved robust Kalman filter for state model errors in GNSS-PPP/MEMS-IMU double state integrated navigation

The integration of Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) with Inertial Navigation Systems (INS) has been actively researched and widely applied as it can provide reliable positioning information continuously. In recent years, Micro Electro Mechanical Systems (MEMS) technology achieves rapid development and Micro Electro Mechanical Systems and Inertial Measurement Unit (MEMS-IMU) has aroused wide concern due to its excellent properties in some cases. However, the observations from MEMS-IMU are easy to be influenced by motion state and location environment because of its manufacturing process. It is not easy to judge whether gross errors are in the state model or the observation model by the widely adopted robust filter based on innovation. In this contribution, we present an improved robust filter with a double state model on the basis of the chi-square distribution of the square of the Mahalanobis distance. The vehicle motion model acts as the external constraint information and can be adopted to construct robust statistic with the results from INS mechanization. And then a robust factor was determined to adjust the observation noise covariance matrix. To evaluate the performance of this method, the simulation test and the field test based on locomotive platform of Nottingham Geospatial Institute (NGI) were carried out. According to the results, in the simulation test, the position improvements are 33%, 30% in the north and east directions; in the real test, the loosely and tightly coupled was adopted and the position accuracy can be improved by about 50–60% in the horizontal direction and the improvement of the pitch and the roll accuracy was lower than the azimuth accuracy due to poor observability and experimental scene which is of the characteristics of small elevation change. Therefore, the proposed robust filter could diminish the effect of the gross error from MEMS-IMU and enhance the integrated system.     

Shocklike soliton because of an impinge of protons and electrons solar particles with Venus ionosphere

This paper introduces an investigation of shocklike soliton or small amplitude Double Layers (DLs) in a collisionless plasma, consisting of positive and negative ions, nonthermal electrons, as well as solar wind streaming protons and electrons. Gardner equation is derived and its shocklike soliton solution is obtained. The model is employed to recognize a possible nonlinear wave at Venus ionosphere. The results indicate that the number densities and velocities of the streaming particles play crucial role to determine the polarity and characteristic features (amplitude and width) of the shocklike soliton waves. An electron streaming speed modifies a negative shocklike wave profile, while an ion streaming speed modulates a positive shocklike wave characteristic.     

地球静止轨道自旋卫星姿态确定及控制策略

本文从工程应用的角度详尽地介绍了地球静止轨道自旋卫星姿态原理及确定方法,以我国在轨运行的风云二号卫星为例,给出了大量工程实测数据,并给出姿态控制实施策略,它们已经成功地运用到我国在轨自旋同步卫星的管理。     

在轨服务飞行器自动寻的段的接近策略分析

在轨服务飞行器在自主式在轨服务系统中发挥重要作用,实现在轨服务飞行器与目标服务对象间的交会是在轨服务任务过程的必要阶段。为优化交会过程自动寻的段的接近策略,对基于Hill方程的双冲量机动策略进行了分析,讨论了在轨服务飞行器的初始轨道参数和机动时间选择对接近过程的影响。运用典型算例,得出两航天器的轨迹、速度和机动消耗在不同坐标系的变化规律,指出了算例中机动消耗随在轨服务飞行器初始参数变化的特点。     

空气分配对双旋流燃烧室性能影响的试验研究

为了研究燃气轮机燃烧室主燃区和掺混区空气分配比例对燃烧室性能的影响,在双旋流环形燃烧室上进行全温全压燃烧试验研究。结果表明,随运行工况的提高,燃烧室出口温度分布系数OTDF呈现总体降低的变化趋势,出口径向温度分布系数RTDF呈现先显著降低、后缓慢升高并最终平稳的变化趋势,总压恢复系数略有增加;随着主燃区空气比例的增加,OTDF呈现先增加再降低再增加的变化趋势,并在主燃区空气比例为0.343时达到最小值;随掺混区空气比例的增加,燃烧室RTDF持续降低;主燃区和掺混区的进气比例对燃烧室的总压恢复系数几乎没有影响。     

双S弯喷管的流固耦合特性研究

为了明晰S弯喷管的流固耦合特性,数值模拟了流固耦合作用下双S弯收敛喷管的结构变形特征及其内/外流特性。结果表明：S弯喷管的圆转方弯曲构型产生了非均匀的流场分布,并增强了结构的弹性特征,它们通过交换气动载荷与变形位移数据形成了S弯喷管流固耦合的作用机理。在气动载荷作用下,S弯喷管沿Y向的最大变形位移为25.3mm,它位于喷管出口上壁面的中心位置。当喷管的结构变形稳定时,第二弯转弯处下壁面的气流加速至局部超音速,壁面静压大幅降低;第一弯下游上壁面附近形成了气流分离区;喷管出口喷流沿轴向向上偏转。流固耦合作用导致S弯喷管的流量系数减小0.6%,推力系数降低1.8%。矩形截面与弯曲构型是影响S弯喷管流固耦合特性的主要几何特征,其中矩形截面能够显著增大喷管的变形位移;S形弯曲构型虽然能够有效抑制变形特征,但它导致喷管多个区域出现变形,喷管的结构变形分布变得更加复杂。