A Brief Introduction and Recent Progress of the Geospace Double Star Program

The Geospace Double Star Project (DSP) consists of two small satellites operating in the near-earth equatorial and polar regions, respectively. The goals of DSP are: (1) to provide high-resolution field, particle, and wave measurements in some important near-earth active regions which have not been covered by current ISTP missions, such as the near-earth plasma sheet and its boundary layer, the ring current, the radiation belts, the dayside magnetopause boundary layer, and the polar region; (2) to investigate the trigger mechanisms of magnetic storms, magnetospheric substorms, and magnetospheric particle events,as well as the responses of geospace storms to solar activities and interplanetary disturbances; (3) to set up the models describing the spatial and temporal variations of the near-earth space environment.To realize the above goals, the equatorial satellite TC-1 and the polar satellite TC-2 will accommodate, respectively, eight instruments on board. TC-1was launched successfully in December 2003 while the polar satellite (TC-2)will be launched in July 2004. The orbit of the equatorial satellite TC-1 consists of a perigee at 550 km, an apogee at 60 000 km, and an inclination of about 28.5; while the orbit of the polar satellite will have a perigee of 700 km, an apogee of 40 000 km, and an inclination of about 90. The two satellites will take coordinated measurements with Cluster Ⅱ and will first form a "six-point exploration" in geospace.The operational status of TC-1 are introduced in this paper.     

Practical guidelines for electro-dynamic tethers to survive from orbital debris impacts

Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency (JAXA) has proposed an active debris removal using electro-dynamic tether to reduce large space debris in the low-Earth orbit. However, a tether strand is thin but long enough to have a large area so that it is vulnerable to small particles. This vulnerability might be the weakest point of a tether system against orbital debris. In order to overcome this weakest point, a double tether system, in which two tether strands are tied together at even intervals to form equally spaced loops, has been suggested as one of the promising candidates. This paper provides a mathematical approach to estimate the survival probability of a double tether system and then apply the approach to evaluate the mission success rate of the active debris removal using electro-dynamic tether that JAXA has proposed. It can be concluded the countermeasure to get enough success rate can be obtained. The result is simulated for Advanced Earth Observing Satellite II (ADEOS-II) re-entry from 800 km sun synchronized orbit to atmosphere. The simulation shows that mission success rate over 90% can be obtained with number of loops over 1000 and 10 mm clearance between two strands.     

Kappa distribution functions and the main properties of auroral particle acceleration

The problem of auroral particle acceleration is analyzed taking into account the filling of the magnetosphere by accelerated particles of ionospheric origin and the trapping of particles between the magnetic and electrostatic barriers. It is taken into account that kappa distributions describe experimentally measured distribution functions better than do maxwellians. The existence of conjugate field-aligned potential drops in the north and south hemispheres is suggested. Field-aligned potential drops are formed if the value of field-aligned current is higher than the threshold determined by the free gazodynamic flow of electrons along field lines. Results of experimental observations showing the possibility of field-aligned potential drop concentration in double layers are summarized. The theory of kinetic double layers is developed taking into account the nonmaxwellian forms of distribution functions. It is shown that the kinetic treatment and the existence of nonmaxwellian distributions lead to real changes in the criteria required for double-layer formation.     

新体制卫星导航信号特性与跟踪环路设计

从新体制卫星信号的特性出发,论述新体制卫星导航信号跟踪环路的一种实现方式,即三环双估计器跟踪环路的设计方法,并以一个仿真系统为例给出各项参数推导的详细过程,最终的仿真结果证明所述方法合理可行。     

近距-1协议在星间测距中的应用

针对近距航天器测距的需要,将CCSDS(空间数据系统咨询委员会)近距-1协议的定时业务与微波双向单程测距法相结合进行测距。该法以直序扩频技术来获得高精度传输帧ASM(附属同步标识)最后1位下降沿的时刻,并以时间码形式,通过帧数据域在测距星之间相互对传,综合考虑协议给出的信号物理特性,对所给出的方法进行了误差分析。分析表明,航天器之间距离不远,相对速度不大时,该法具有较高精度,且与数据通信共用1套设备,降低了成本。     

双脉冲发动机中金属膜片动态与静态打开对比分析

为了研究双脉冲发动机中金属膜片的打开特性,分别选取Ductile damage模型和Brittle cracking模型来模拟膜片静态和动态打开过程。数值计算发现膜片分别在3.46MPa静态内压载荷和1.95MPa动态内压载荷作用下打开。为了验证计算结果的有效性,进行了膜片的冷流静态打开和热流动态打开试验,膜片分别在平均3.75MPa静态载荷和平均2.2MPa动态载荷作用下打开,数值计算结果与试验结果一致,说明了数值计算方法的有效性。计算结果和试验结果表明,膜片的静态打开压强明显高于动态打开压强,分析认为是由于膜片的塑性变形、材料本身特性及预制缺陷处的应力松弛引起的。根据隔舱的冷流及热流单项试验可以发现,膜片的打开形式与预期一致,满足双脉冲发动机的使用要求。     

A novel predictive algorithm for double difference observations of obstructed BeiDou geostationary earth orbit (GEO) satellites

Transmission link disturbances and device failure cause global navigation satellite system (GNSS) receivers to miss observations, leading to poor accuracy in real-time kinematic (RTK) positioning. Previously described solutions for this problem are influenced by the length of the prediction period, or are unable to account for changes in receiver state because they use information from previous epochs to make predictions. We propose an algorithm for predicting double difference (DD) observations of obstructed BeiDou navigation system (BDS) GEO satellites. Our approach adopts the first-degree polynomial function for predicting missing observations. We introduce a Douglas-Peucker algorithm to judge the state of the rover receiver to reduce the impact of predictive biases. Static and kinematic experiments were carried out on BDS observations to evaluate the proposed algorithm. The results of our navigation experiment demonstrate that RTK positioning accuracy is improved from meter to decimeter level with fixed ambiguity (horizontal?<?2?cm, vertical?<?18?cm). Horizontal accuracy is improved by over 50%, and the vertical accuracies of the results of the static and kinematic experiments are increased by 47% and 27% respectively, compared with the results produced by the classical approach. Though as the baseline becomes longer, the accuracy is weakened, our predictive algorithm is an improvement over existing approaches to overcome the issue of missing data.     

高超声速导弹高空再入减速段弹道优化设计

首先建立了高超声速导弹再入段弹道模型,并将攻角作为控制变量。在满足过载及动压约束条件下,利用惩罚函数将其转化为无约束的弹道优化问题,并采用双切点遗传算法进行优化计算。文中采用两种方法:一种是直接优化攻角,另一种是给定攻角变化规律为二次曲线,优化二次多项式系数。算例表明,两种方法均取得了较好的优化结果,即满足约束条件下得到终端最大速度。但在合理性以及实现性方面,第二种方法优于第一种方法。     

高温升蒸发型双腔燃烧室的设计

为了满足热风洞对燃烧室高温升的要求,设计了以航空煤油为燃料的蒸发型燃烧室,采用主辅火焰筒前后配置的双腔结构使燃烧室实现了1600K的温升。通过对燃烧室的气动热力计算,确定出了燃烧室的总体尺寸,设计了燃烧室的主要部件并对燃烧室进行了一定的性能实验。实验及应用结果表明,所设计的燃烧室在结构方案、主要部件和总体性能方面满足设计要求,具有一定的适用性和工程实用价值。     

大功率脉冲条件下DUT匹配特性测量

介绍了反射计测量原理,提出了一种构造非对称性双定向耦合器、实现大功率脉冲条件下DUT匹配特性测量的解决方案,指出了此方法的优点,并分析与评定了反射系数测量结果的不确定度。