用于定位导航授时微终端的SoC系统设计

为了解决遮挡情况下的实时定位问题，美国提出了Micro-PNT方案，我国也提出了定位导航授时微终端(Micro Positioning Navigation and Timing Terminal，MPNTT)方案。定位导航授时微终端集成了卫星导航系统、微惯性测量单元、微型原子钟及处理器系统，可为终端用户提供精确可用、完好及时、连续安全的定位导航服务。介绍了一种用于定位导航授时微终端的SoC系统设计，其包括了基于SoC FPGA的硬件设计和基于GNSS/MIMU的组合导航滤波算法。SoC系统集成了FLASH、SSRAM等存储芯片，通过RS422、RS232、CAN等通信接口接收GNSS、MIMU及外源传感器信息，并在ARM核中完成组合导航算法，以得到导航结果。SoC芯片单片实现了ARM与FPGA的功能，系统集成面积满足小型化需求，为后续移植为ASIC芯片提供了基础。对组合导航滤波算法进行嵌入式软件移植并测试，结果表明：SoC系统单次惯导解算时间为7ms，实测与仿真输出的导航位置差距在0.05m以内，俯仰角差和横滚角差在0.005°以内，航向角差在0.05°以内。本文设计的SoC系统高精度、集成化、可扩展，满足了微终端的要求。     

Estimation of differential code biases with Jason-2/3 onboard GPS observations

With the continuous deployment of Low Earth Orbit (LEO) satellites, the estimation of differential code biases (DCBs) based on GNSS observations from LEO has gained increasing attention. Previous studies on LEO-based DCB estimation are usually using the spherical symmetry ionosphere assumption (SSIA), in which a uniform electron density is assumed in a thick shell. In this study, we propose an approach (named the SHLEO method) to simultaneously estimate the satellite and LEO onboard receiver DCBs by modeling the distribution of the global plasmaspheric total electron content (PTEC) above the satellite orbit with a spherical harmonic (SH) function. Compared to the commonly used SSIA method, the SHLEO model improves the GPS satellite DCB estimation accuracy by 13.46% and the stability by 22.34%, respectively. Compared to the GPS satellite DCBs estimated based on the Jason-3-only observations, the accuracy and monthly stability of the satellite DCBs can be improved by 14.42% and 26.8% when both Jason-2 and Jason-3 onboard observations are jointly processed. Compared with the Jason-2 solutions, the GPS satellite DCB estimates based on the fusion of Jason-2 and Jason-3 observations have an improved consistency of better than 18.26% and 9.71% with the products provided by the Center for Orbit Determination in Europe (CODE) and Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS). Taking the DCB products provided by the German Aerospace Center (DLR) as references, there is no improvement in accuracy of the GPS satellite DCB estimates based on the fusion of Jason-2 and Jason-3 observations than the Jason-2 solutions alone. A periodic variation is found in the time series of both the Jason-3 and Jason-2 onboard receiver DCB estimates. Preliminary analysis of the PTEC distribution based on the estimated SH coefficients are also presented.     

基于目标加速度方向观测的微分对策制导律

针对延迟信息条件下的机动目标拦截问题,研究了一种考虑目标加速度方向观测的微分对策制导律。首先,针对引入目标方向观测信息末制导博弈问题,建立了微分对策数学模型。随后,利用状态依赖黎卡提方程求解微分对策问题,得到包含无延迟目标机动项的微分对策制导律,可以更为有效地拦截机动目标。最后,在延迟信息条件下,利用目标加速度方向观测的方法补偿延迟的目标加速度,再将补偿后的目标加速度信息取代无延迟的目标加速度,得到延迟信息条件下考虑目标加速度方向观测的微分对策制导律。仿真结果表明,新的制导律可以在延迟信息条件下有效地拦截机动目标。     

深空导航无线电干涉测量技术的发展历程和展望

结合世界各航天大国和组织所开展的深空探测活动和深空测控系统建设中,对无线电干涉测量技术的开发、应用以及深空导航技术试验验证情况,系统地梳理和总结了深空导航无线电干涉测量技术的发展历程,并通过该技术未来在国际上几个主要深空探测任务中的应用规划,分析了无线电干涉测量领域未来的发展方向.该领域技术的最新发展对我国深空测控网无线电干涉测量系统的后续建设也具有重要的借鉴意义.     

太阳系多目标探测轨道优化设计

将太阳系多目标探测的轨道优化设计问题转换成非线性规划问题,建立了轨道优化模型.针对非线性规划问题解的多峰性,设计了一种融合改进的网格搜索算法和差分进化算法的组合优化算法.利用改进的网格搜索算法以适当的步长寻找理想的发射窗口和各阶段转移时间,产生差分进化的初始群体,进而使用差分进化算法搜索初始群体附近的子空间,通过全局范围内的比较得到较理想的结果.最后以2018 ～2020年太阳系多目标探测为例,面向土星环绕探测任务完成了飞行中途探测太阳系多颗大行星的轨道优化设计.数值仿真结果表明上述算法对太阳系多目标探测轨道优化设计具有较好的通用性和应用参考价值.     

基于决策树的多防御方目标攻防决策

针对多方对抗博弈问题的复杂性和多样性,提出了利用决策树思想对多防御方的目标攻防问题的策略进行决策树分类,再利用决策树分类模型对多防御方的目标攻防问题的攻防策略进行快速决策。首先,对多防御方目标攻防问题利用决策树ID3算法以攻防双方的策略作为类别属性进行分类,得到多防御方目标攻防问题的决策树模型;然后,对多方对抗中的攻击方,基于距离的威胁权重函数得到攻击方的轨迹;最后,得到防御方的协同合作策略,并进行了仿真验证。     

Tightly combined GPS/Galileo RTK for short and long baselines: Model and performance analysis

To ensure the compatibility and interoperability with modernized GPS, Galileo satellites are capable of broadcasting navigation signals on carrier phase frequencies that overlap with GPS, i.e., GPS/Galileo L1-E1/L5-E5a. Moreover, the GPS/Galileo L2-E5b signals have different frequencies with wavelength differences smaller than 4.2?mm. Such overlapping and narrowly spaced signals between GPS and Galileo bring the opportunity to use the tightly combined double-differenced (DD) model for precise real-time kinematic (RTK) positioning, resulting in improved performance of ambiguity resolution and positioning with respect to the classical standard or loosely combined DD model. In this paper, we focus on the model and performance assessment of tightly combined GPS/Galileo L1-E1/L2-E5b/L5-E5a RTK for short and long baselines. We first investigate the tightly combined GPS/Galileo DD observational model for both short and long baselines with simultaneously considering the GPS/Galileo overlapping and non-overlapping frequencies. Particularly, we introduce a reparameterization approach to solve the rank deficiency that caused by the correlation between the DISB parameters and the DD ionospheric parameters for both overlapping and non-overlapping frequencies. Then we present performance assessment for the tightly combined GPS/Galileo RTK model with real-time estimation of the differential inter-system bias (DISB) parameters for short and long baselines in terms of ratio value, ambiguity dilution of precision (ADOP), ambiguity conditional number, decorrelation number, search count, empirical success rate, time-to-first-fix (TTFF), and positioning accuracy. Results from both static and kinematic experiments demonstrated that compared to the loosely combined model, the tightly combined model can deliver improved performance of ambiguity resolution and precise positioning with different satellite visibility. For the car-driven short baseline experiment with 10° elevation cut-off angle, the tightly combined model can not only significantly increase the ratio value by approximately 27.5% (from 16.0 to 20.4), but also reduce the ambiguity ADOP, the conditional number, and the search count in LAMBDA by approximately 22.2% (from 0.027 to 0.021 cycles), 14.9% (from 199.2 to 169.6), and 25.4% (from 150.1 to 112.0), respectively. Comparable decorrelation number, empirical success rate, and positioning accuracy are also obtained. For the car-driven long baseline experiment, it is also observed that the ambiguity resolution performance in terms of the ratio value, the decorrelation number, the condition number, and the search count are significantly improved by approximately 18.5% (from 2.7 to 3.2), 22.0% (from 0.186 to 0.227), 55.9% (from 937.6 to 413.7), and 10.3% (from 43.8 to 39.3), respectively. Moreover, comparable ADOP, empirical success rate, and positioning accuracy are obtained as well. Additionally, the TTFF can be reduced (from 54.1 to 51.8 epochs with 10° elevation cut-off angle) as well from the results of static experiments.     

大偏载情况下双马达同步驱动控制建模及研究实现

针对某三轴液压飞行仿真转台研制中的关键技术,经过详细的建模仿真,研究压差均衡控制策略对负载变形的抑制效果和PID控制参数对负载变形的影响。经过试验验证,该方案合理可行,能取得较好的动静态技术指标,最终该同步方案成功应用于某三轴液压飞行转台。     

Numerical techniques for generating and refining solar sail trajectories

Like all applications in trajectory design, the design of solar sail trajectories requires a transition from analytical models to numerically generated realizations of an orbit. In astrodynamics, three numerical strategies are often employed. Differential correctors (also known as shooting methods) are perhaps the most common techniques. Finite-difference methods and collocation schemes are also employed and are successful in generating trajectories with pseudo-continuous control histories. These three numerical techniques are employed here to generate periodic trajectories displaced below the Moon in a circular restricted three-body system. All these approaches reveal trajectory options within the design space for solar sail applications.     

同步轨道共位卫星差分CEI测量技术

同步轨道卫星共位是指在一个地球同步轨道±0．1°的窗口上放置2颗或2颗以上的卫星。文章介绍了同步轨道卫星多星共位的必要性和差分连接端站干涉测量的原理,对同步轨道共位卫星位置测量精度进行分析,得出结论：差分连接端站干涉测量技术能够满足同步轨道共位卫星位置测量的要求。