Hydrodynamic instabilities and transverse waves in propagation mechanism of gaseous detonations

The present study examines the role of transverse waves and hydrodynamic instabilities mainly, Richtmyer–Meshkov instability (RMI) and Kelvin–Helmholtz instability (KHI) in detonation structure using two-dimensional high-resolution numerical simulations of Euler equations. To compare the numerical results with those of experiments, Navier–Stokes simulations are also performed by utilizing the effect of diffusion in highly irregular detonations. Results for both moderate and low activation energy mixtures reveal that upon collision of two triple points a pair of forward and backward facing jets is formed. As the jets spread, they undergo Richtmyer–Meshkov instability. The drastic growth of the forward jet found to have profound role in re-acceleration of the detonation wave at the end of a detonation cell cycle. For irregular detonations, the transverse waves found to have substantial role in propagation mechanism of such detonations. In regular detonations, the lead shock ignites all the gases passing through it, hence, the transverse waves and hydrodynamic instabilities do not play crucial role in propagation mechanism of such regular detonations. In comparison with previous numerical simulations present simulation using single-step kinetics shows a distinct keystone-shaped region at the end of the detonation cell.     

脉冲爆震发动机(PDE)引射增推装置试验

PDE设计了两种结构的排气引射增推装置,通过对两种结构排气引射增推装置的试验对比,研究了排气引射增推装置对PDE推力贡献,试验结果表明在合理的结构设计下,采用排气引射增推装置可使PDE平均推力增加50%左右。理论分析了排气引射增推装置的工作机理,及不同结构参数对PDE排气引射增推装置的影响,为PDE排气引射增推装置优化设计提供了理论和试验依据。      

两相脉冲爆轰发动机尾喷管的实验研究

为了提高脉冲爆轰发动机的推进性能,实验研究了12种不同构型尾喷管对火箭式两相脉冲爆轰发动机爆轰特性和推进性能的影响,并对各类尾喷管的增推原因进行分析。结果表明满填充工况下各类喷管内的爆轰特性不尽相同,收敛喷管可得到最大压力峰值;在满填充工况下频率为10Hz时12种喷管构型中拉伐尔喷管的推力增益最大,塞式收敛扩张喷管其次;拉伐尔喷管的出口面积比对推力增益有较大影响,但收敛段-扩张段长度比对推力增益影响甚微。     

径向进气多管脉冲爆震发动机设计

为了缩短脉冲爆震发动机工作过程中混气充填时间,采用旋转筒控制爆震室径向进气,设计了结构更为合理的多爆震室PDE试验原型机。该原型机可以在较短时间内完成爆震室的混气充填,为热态爆震燃烧过程留出更充裕的时间,对提高PDE工作频率和整机性能有促进作用。     

环形射流喷口位置对激波聚焦起爆的影响分析

为了研究环形射流喷口位置对激波聚焦起爆爆震的影响,以氢气和空气混合物为例,对不同环形射流喷口位置条件下的激波聚焦起爆过程进行了数值模拟。结果表明,随着喷口距凹壁面距离L增大,直接聚焦起爆和凹壁面反射起爆所需的临界入射压力逐渐增大,相应的聚焦时刻会滞后,形成焦点的位置距凹壁面越远。     

脉冲爆震火箭发动机高频实验研究

为了研究脉冲爆震发动机的高频工作特性,以航空煤油和压缩氧气为推进剂,采用爆震增强装置,增大推进剂供给压力以及增大电磁阀控制气压力等措施,在脉冲爆震火箭发动机模型上进行了实验,成功获得45Hz时的爆震压力波形。实验结果表明,频率增高,爆震波峰值压力下降,有利于加速缓燃向爆震的转变(Defla-gration to Detonation Transition,DDT)。当爆震充分发展时,爆震波波速基本不变,峰值压力上升时间趋于定值。工作频率为45 Hz时,爆震波峰值的压力为3.2 MPa,爆震波的波速为1 715.5m/s。     

Detonation waves induced by a confined wedge

An auto-ignition detonation phenomenon can be initiated by a wedge confined in a channel. A new, self-sustaining, normal detonation wave engine concept is proposed. The detonation processes were numerically modeled with a simplified two-dimensional wedged channel flow that was deemed to emulate a real three-dimensional configuration. The results showed that within certain ranges of incoming flow Mach number or wedge angle, detonation could be self ignited in the channel. The study furthermore investigated the detonation waves based on three different detonation initiation positions. Different configurations of the detonation waves were observed and analyzed. The performance of the different detonation wave configurations was estimated and compared.     

基于改进Hough变换的临近空间高超声速目标航迹起始方法

针对传统算法不能对临近空间高超声速目标进行有效航迹起始的问题,提出了一种基于改进Hough变换的快速航迹起始方法.量测数据经过Hough变换后,首先提取出参数空间中超过阀值的峰值点,形成备选积累单元位置矩阵,然后将备选积累单元位置矩阵中各列元素与本列各元素相减,并将超过距离偏差和角度偏差的点剔除,得到差值单元位置矩阵,最后对差值单元位置矩阵对应参数空间的所有点求均值,将均值作为曲线在参数空间的交点起始目标航迹.Mont Carlo仿真表明,新方法能够实现对多批临近空间高超声速目标的航迹起始,有效解决了航迹簇拥问题,具有一定工程实践意义.     

金属材料疲劳微裂纹的萌生与扩展研究

疲劳微裂纹广泛存在于金属和合金材料中,严重影响着构件的使用寿命,因此微裂纹的萌生与扩展研究对材料和构件的使用安全有着重要意义。本文引入了金属材料疲劳破坏的多尺度研究方法,综述了金属材料疲劳裂纹产生和扩展的微细观理论,介绍了疲劳断口观察分析的手段和方式,阐述了微细观尺度下通过计算机模拟研究疲劳裂纹的方法,最后对疲劳微裂纹的研究进行了总结。     

TC17钛合金超高周弯曲振动疲劳试验

基于航空发动机叶片基本失效形式,开发了悬臂梁式弯曲振动超声疲劳试验系统(激振频率20kHz),设计了能模拟叶片振动、适合于超高周弯曲振动疲劳试验的试件.利用该系统开展了钛合金TC17超高周弯曲振动疲劳试验研究,分析了断口的金相图.结果发现:裂纹萌生有表面和次表面两种模式,并不依赖于内部夹杂和缺陷,没有发现内部裂纹萌生迹象,次表面裂纹扩展也不呈“鱼眼”形貌.与文献所述的“鱼眼”形貌特征不同.