TAPS/MLDI低污染燃烧室油雾特性

采用粒子图像测速仪对一个带多点贫油直接喷射双环预混旋流燃烧室头部的低污染燃烧室油雾场进行了测量,试验研究不同燃油喷射方式时燃油流量变化对油雾特性的影响.结果表明:在试验工况下,粒径40μm左右的油珠数目最多,大于或小于此粒径的油珠数目都较少;单开值班级喷嘴时,随着燃油流量增加,燃油雾化变差;单开主燃级喷嘴时,增加燃油流量使燃油雾化稍有改善.同时打开值班级和主燃级喷嘴,保持油气比不变时,值班级和主燃级燃油量分配比例改变对燃油雾化特性的影响不大.      

模型燃烧室温度控制系统仿真

以LabVIEW软件为平台,对低污染模型燃烧室出口温度分布实施离线监测,其中不同油气比下模型燃烧室出口温度分布采用数值模拟方法获得,据此建立燃烧室出口平均温度与进口油气比间的数据库;以燃烧室出口平均温度作为控制信号,以PID算法作为调节模型,以查询数据库的方式产生数据源,实现了燃烧室出口温度控制过程的仿真。     

三级轴向旋流器影响燃烧室性能的试验

对装有4种不同三级轴向旋流器的燃烧室开展了常压下不同进口速度、进口温度和油气比状态下的燃烧室性能试验研究,获得了不同三级轴向旋流器燃烧室的流阻性能和燃烧性能.研究结果表明:各方案中三级轴向旋流器燃烧室的总压损失系数均随着进口速度的增大(由40m/s增加到70m/s)而增加;进口温度的升高对点火和熄火均有利;旋向组合为顺时针—逆时针—顺时针的三级轴向旋流器燃烧室性能与旋向组合为逆时针—逆时针—顺时针的三级轴向旋流器燃烧室燃烧性能相比,总压损失系数稍大、贫油熄火性能较优、燃烧效率稍低;内旋流器空气流量的减少可使得三级轴向旋流器燃烧室的总压损失系数增大、贫油熄火油气比和燃烧效率均有所降低.      

双旋流器燃烧室壁温试验

采用红外热像仪对带双级旋流器的模型燃烧室火焰筒壁面温度进行了测量,试验研究不同进气温度、油气比和主燃孔参数对火焰筒壁面温度分布的影响.试验研究表明:主燃孔参数变化对火焰筒壁面温度分布有较大的影响;火焰筒壁面温度值随着进气温度的增加而明显升高,但壁面温度分布变化不大;油气比的变化对壁面温度值影响不太大,但对温度梯度影响较大.所得的试验结果可为新燃烧室设计提供一定的参考依据.      

三级旋流器的设计及其流场模拟

利用UG软件建立三级旋流器模型燃烧室的几何模型,采用四面体非结构网格划分方法,生成网格计算模型,应用Realizable k-ε湍流模型对该模型燃烧室的冷态流场进行数值模拟。研究结果表明：与旋流器其它参数相比,各级旋流器之间的流量分配对三级旋流器的流场特性（如回流区范围和中心速度分布）有较大的影响。深化了对三级旋流器各种设计参数的认识,有助于实现三级旋流器的进一步优化设计。     

Effect of dilution holes on the performance of a triple swirler combustor

A triple swirler combustor is considered to be a promising solution for future high temperature rise combustors. The present paper aims to study dilution holes including primary dilution holes and secondary dilution holes on the performance of a triple swirler combustor. Experimental investigations are conducted at different inlet airflow velocities(40–70 m/s) and combustor overall fuel–air ratio with fixed inlet airflow temperature(473 K) and atmospheric pressure. The experimental results show that the ignition is very difficult with specific performance of high ignition fuel–air ratio when the primary dilution holes are located 0.6H(where H is the liner dome height)downstream the dome, while the other four cases have almost the same ignition performance. The position of primary dilution holes has an effect on lean blowout stability and has a large influence on combustion efficiency. The combustion efficiency is the highest when the primary dilution holes are placed 0.9H downstream the dome among the five different locations.For the secondary dilution holes, the pattern factor of Design A is better than that of Design B.     

旋流器结构对贫油直喷燃烧室的性能影响

针对单元贫油直喷(LDI)喷嘴的旋流器设计问题,实验研究了旋流器结构变化(改变旋流器级数、双旋流器旋向及混合段收缩角等)对燃烧室总压损失、燃烧效率以及污染物排放等性能的影响规律.结果表明:旋流器结构变化对燃烧室性能有很大影响.同向双旋流燃烧室总压损失大于与之相同计算旋流数的单级旋流燃烧室,反向双旋流燃烧室总压损失略低于同向双旋流燃烧室,燃烧室总压损失随收缩角增大而呈增大趋势.相较单级旋流燃烧室和同向双旋流燃烧室,反向双旋流燃烧室在不同贫油气比工况下均具有更高的燃烧效率和更低的污染物排放.另外,燃烧效率及污染物排放受收缩角的影响.最佳收缩角角度的选取需要综合权衡总压损失、燃烧效率及污染物排放水平.     

三旋流燃烧室燃烧特性试验

针对舰船用燃气轮机低污染排放要求,试验研究了一种三旋流贫预混燃烧室燃烧性能。结果表明:三旋流燃烧室内、中旋流角决定了点火成功与否,而外旋流角仅对点火、熄火极限有影响。采用内、中、外旋流角依次增加10°,旋流数依次增加33.3%、25.0%的组合方式有较好的点火、熄火性能;贫油点火油气比最低为0.05236,高于非预混燃烧室的一般标准,熄火油气比最低为0.00478,低于一般要求;燃烧室出口温度分布系数为0.2279,完全满足设计要求; NOx排放指数为2.62g/kg,低污染优势明显。CO排放指数较高,为35.4g/kg,导致燃烧效率略低,仅为0.9847。      

Tomography-like flow visualization of a hypersonic inward-turning inlet

The flow field in a typical inward-turning inlet was visualized using the Planar Laser Scattering (PLS) method in a shock tunnel with a nominal Mach number of 6. The opaque inlet, which is truncated at a series of sections, and the following transparent isolator, are combined to enable the optical access at different streamwise locations. The sequential PLS images provide a tomography-like flow visualization, which confirm the existence of streamwise Counter-rotating Vortex Pairs (CVPs) in both external and internal flow field of the inlet. Generation mechanisms of these CVPs are unraveled with the help of a numerical simulation, among which the cowl notch plays an important role in the generation of surface trailing CVPs along the centerline of the cowl. Moreover, the cowl shock sweeps the internal boundary layer towards the body side, which ultimately accumulates low-momentum flow on the body side in forms of a large CVP propagating downstream through the isolator. The CVPs formed in the shape-transition are responsible for the nonuniform flow field of the inward-turning inlet. This study indicates that the V-shaped cowl notch affects the downstream flow significantly and, therefore, should be examined thoroughly in practical applications.     

航空涡轮发动机燃烧室内流场的PIV测量

设计了一种基于旋风分离原理的高压粒子发生器，并成功应用于高压状态下的航空涡轮发动机燃烧室内流场的PIV（粒子图像测速法）测量.在氢氧燃烧加热来流温度为813K、燃烧室压力为2.78MPa条件下，应用PIV技术开展了航空涡轮发动机单头部燃烧室复杂内流场测量研究，实现了高温高压条件下强旋流、强扰流、宽速域流场的PIV测量，获得了接近燃烧室工作压力工况下的流场速度和流场精细结构.结果表明:该型燃烧室内流场存在多处旋涡结构，形成回流区；流场旋流作用强，横截面流场存在顺时针大涡；主燃孔射流和掺混孔射流作用明显，射流穿透深度较大，对流场结构影响显著；高温高压状态下，流场结构与常温中压状态类似.