烧结双多孔介质中沸腾换热的实验研究

对由铜粉烧结而成的三种双多孔介质结构进行了沸腾换热的实验。为了便于比较，同时对两种单多孔介质进行了沸腾换热实验。结果发现：当双多孔介质的微孔径和单多孔介质的孔径相同时，双多孔介质的换热系数和临界热流密度比单多孔介质高得多；对于同样微孔径的双多孔介质，存在最佳的粗孔径，其换热系数和临界热流密度最大；当逆静水压头减小的时候，换热系数和临界热流密度增加。     

可展开式辐射器热控对航天器轨道调整的适应性分析

为提高航天器热控系统对轨道调整的适应能力，本文研究了与流体回路耦合的可展开式辐射器热控方案在不同轨道高度下的热控性能，分析了不同轨道高度时辐射器面临的热环境的影响，在不同轨道高度下比较了固定辐射器与可展开辐射器的热控特性。结果表明，随着辐射器展开角度的变化，辐射器吸收的空间热流随之发生变化，从而对热控系统的散热能力带来直接影响，调节辐射器的角度可以扩大其对外散热能力。在工程应用中，基于热控流体回路，通过调节可展开式辐射器的展开角度，可以有效提高航天器的轨道热适应能力。     

An equivalent ground thermal test method for single-phase fluid loop space radiator

Thermal vacuum test is widely used for the ground validation of spacecraft thermal control system. However, the conduction and convection can be simulated in normal ground pressure environment completely. By the employment of pumped fluid loops’ thermal control technology on spacecraft, conduction and convection become the main heat transfer behavior between radiator and inside cabin. As long as the heat transfer behavior between radiator and outer space can be equivalently simulated in normal pressure, the thermal vacuum test can be substituted by the normal ground pressure thermal test. In this paper, an equivalent normal pressure thermal test method for the spacecraft single-phase fluid loop radiator is proposed. The heat radiation between radiator and outer space has been equivalently simulated by combination of a group of refrigerators and thermal electrical cooler(TEC) array. By adjusting the heat rejection of each device, the relationship between heat flux and surface temperature of the radiator can be maintained. To verify this method,a validating system has been built up and the experiments have been carried out. The results indicate that the proposed equivalent ground thermal test method can simulate the heat rejection performance of radiator correctly and the temperature error between in-orbit theory value and experiment result of the radiator is less than 0.5 C, except for the equipment startup period. This provides a potential method for the thermal test of space systems especially for extra-large spacecraft which employs single-phase fluid loop radiator as thermal control approach.     

基于极大似然估计器的GNSS矢量跟踪算法

矢量跟踪是一种将全球导航卫星系统(GNSS)接收机的信号跟踪与导航解算融为一体的跟踪算法。传统的基于矢量延迟/频率锁定环(VDFLL)的跟踪算法普遍采用延迟锁定环(DLL)和锁频环(FLL)鉴别器计算伪距和伪距率偏差观测量,由于锁频环鉴别器存在近似误差和一步延迟效应,在高动态环境下容易造成环路失锁。从直接估计卫星信号特征参数的角度出发,基于中频信号模型构建码相位和载波多普勒的极大似然代价函数,采用非迭代估计算法得到各通道码相位和多普勒频移的估计偏差,转换为卡尔曼滤波器的观测矢量,提出一种基于极大似然估计器(MLE)的矢量跟踪算法。理论分析和仿真结果表明:新算法结合了极大似然估计和矢量跟踪的优点,克服了FLL的延迟效应,与基于VDFLL的矢量环路相比,高动态环境下的跟踪稳定性更好,可以对被遮挡的卫星保持持续的跟踪。     

主动冷却燃烧室燃烧与传热耦合过程迭代分析设计方法

为了对主动冷却超燃冲压发动机进行研究与设计,采用实验与计算相结合的方法,对主动冷却超燃冲压发动机燃烧室内传热与燃烧的耦合过程进行了分析。该方法采用燃烧室静压分布的测量值作为输入条件,开展燃气-结构-燃料耦合传热分析,获得经过冷却系统后燃料的状态参数;将燃料的状态参数作为实验参数,开展直联式超声速燃烧实验,得到新的静压分布,如此反复迭代,直至燃料状态不再变化,最终确定主动冷却燃烧室的各种传热与燃烧特性参数。利用该分析方法,初步开展了不同飞行马赫数条件下主动冷却燃烧室闭环运行状态研究,得到了冷却煤油温度与燃烧室壁温同飞行马赫数的关系。     

Application in prestiction friction compensation for angular velocity loop of inertially stabilized platforms

To overcome the influence of the nonlinear friction on the gimbaled servo-system of an inertial stabilized platforms(ISPs) with DC motor direct-drive, the methods of modeling and compensation of the nonlinear friction are proposed. Firstly, the inapplicability of LuGre model when trying to interpret the backward angular displacement in the prestiction regime is observed experimentally and the reason is deduced theoretically. Then, based on the dynamic model of direct-drive ISPs, a modified LuGre model is proposed to describe the characteristic of the friction in the prestiction regime. Furthermore, the state switch condition of the three friction regimes including presliding, gross sliding and prestiction is presented. Finally, a composite compensation controller including a nonlinear friction observer and a feedforward compensator based on the novel LuGre model is designed to restrain the nonlinear friction and to improve the control precision. Experimental results indicate that compared with those of the conventional proportion–integration–differentiation(PID) control method and the PID plus LuGre model-based friction compensation method, the dwell-time has decreased from 0.2 s to almost 0 s, the position error decreased to 86.7%and the peak-to-peak value of position error decreased to 80% after the novel compensation controller is added. It concludes that the composite compensation controller can greatly improve the control precision of the dynamic sealed ISPs.     

超临界翼型射流环量控制的数值计算

为提高飞行器的升力特性,改善起飞着陆和机动性能,研究了射流环量控制对超临界翼型气动特性的影响。基于计算流体力学,对影响计算效率和精度的网格参数进行了优化设计,得到一种高效高精度网格的剖分方法;并以此为基础,建立超临界翼型环量控制的计算模型,求解雷诺平均N-S方程,分析了环量控制在不同动量系数和迎角下的作用效果,数值计算结果与实验结果基本一致。结果表明:环量控制大大提高了翼型的气动特性,且在小迎角或负迎角就可以产生较大的升力,但是动量系数并不是越大越好。计算结果可为进一步研究环量控制对飞行器的影响奠定理论基础。     

高原机场终端区飞行闭环稳定性分析

分析了高原机场终端区飞行的特殊性和影响高原机场飞行闭环稳定性的各种不利因素,指出了在高原机场缺氧条件下对飞行员数学模型修正的必要性和修正方法.采用等效闭环系统方法分析飞机在高原机场环境下的闭环稳定性,利用该思路可以用常规的分析方法研究高原机场飞行员缺氧条件下的闭环稳定性.     

Thermal cyclotron radiation from a hot coronal loop with helical magnetic field

The spectral and polarization properties of thermal cyclotron radio emission from a hot coronal loop with a current along the axis are computed. The magnetic field is supposed to have a component along the loop axis as well as a poloidal part due to the current, both components being of comparable magnitude. In this specific configuration a helical magnetic field is present with a remarkable minimum of its absolute value along the loop axis and a maximum at its periphery. The presence of one or two maxima of magnetic field value along the line of sight results in increasing optical thickness of the gyroresonance layers at appropriate frequencies in the microwave band and, therefore, in enhanced radio emission at those harmonics which are optically thin (for example,s=4). These cannot be observed in models with the commonly employed magnetic field configuration (longitudinal along the loop axis).We show that the frequency spectrum of thermal cyclotron radiation from a hot coronal loop with a helical magnetic field differs from that of the standards-component source (with smooth frequency characteristics and polarization corresponding toe-mode) in that plenty of fine structures (line-like features and cut-offs) are present and theo-mode is prevalent in some frequency intervals. The enhanced radio emission at high harmonics and the complicated form of frequency spectrum in the model considered imply that some microwave sources, which are poorly explained in traditional models of solar active regions, may be associated with helical magnetic fields in hot coronal loops. Computations allow one to indicate spectral and polarizational peculiarities of local sources testifying to the presence of a helical magnetic field.     

光纤环及其骨架材料膨胀系数测量方法研究与实现

介绍了一种光纤环及其骨架膨胀系数的简易测量方法,并组建了测量系统。利用铝材和不锈钢,对系统的可行性进行了验证,同时用该系统测量了光纤环及不同骨架的膨胀系数,并对实验数据进行了分析研究,实验结果表明：该系统能够为找出与光纤环相匹配的骨架材料提供技术支撑,具有一定的实用和推广应用价值。