谐振式陀螺全角模式误差来源与接口技术

全角模式是谐振式陀螺的新型接口技术，具有直接测量角度、动态范围大的优点，但其对陀螺元器件对称性要求极高的缺点限制了它的实际应用。首先，从谐振式陀螺全角模式的原理出发，讨论了各种不理想因素对全角模式运行造成的问题。然后，从器件设计和控制系统两方面出发，讨论了可行的技术路线。最后，通过数值仿真的方法证明了理论分析的正确性，并给出了谐振式陀螺的选型和控制系统的建议。     

Motion equations of hemispherical resonator and analysis of frequency split caused by slight mass non-uniformity

The mass non-uniformity of hemispherical resonator is one of reasons for frequency split, and frequency split can cause gyroscope to drift. Therefore, it is of great significance to analyze the relationship between mass non-uniformity and frequency split, which can provide a theoretical basis for mass balance of imperfect resonator. The starting point of error mechanism analysis for gyroscope is the motion equations of resonator. Firstly, based on the Kirchhoff-Love hypothesis in the elastic thin shell theory, the geometric deformation equations of resonator are deduced. Secondly, the deformation energy equation of resonator is derived according to the vibration mode and relationship between the stress and strain of hemispherical thin shell. Thirdly, the kinetic energy equation of resonator is deduced by the Coriolis theorem. Finally, the motion equations of resonator are established by the Lagrange mechanics principle. The theoretical values of precession factor and natural frequency are calculated by the motion equations, which are substantially consistent with the ones by the finite element method and practical measurement, the errors are within a reasonable range. Simultaneously, the varying trend of natural frequency with respect to the geometrical and physical parameters of resonator by the motion equations is consistent with that by the finite element analysis. The above conclusions prove the correctness and rationality of motion equations. Similarly, the motion equations of resonator with mass non-uniformity are established by the same modeling method in case of ignoring the input angular rate and damping, and the state equations with respect to the velocity and displacement of vibration system are derived, then two natural frequencies are solved by the characteristic equation. It is concluded that one of reasons for frequency split is the 4th harmonic of mass non-uniformity, and thus much attention should be paid to minimizing the 4th harmonic of mass non-uniformity in the course of mass balancing for imperfect resonator.     

Reynolds number effect on compressible cylindrical cavity flow

Presence of a cavity changes the mean and fluctuating pressure distributions inside and near the cavity. For cylindrical cavity flow, the diameter-to-depth ratio is the dominant factor. In this study, flow is naturally developed along a flat plate with two different lengths, resulting in different incoming boundary layer thicknesses ahead of the cavity. The effect of Reynolds number based on incoming boundary layer thickness on characteristics of mean and fluctuating pressure distributions is addressed. Pressure sensitive paint was also used to visualize the mean surface pressure patterns. The effect of Reynolds number on the classification of compressible cylindrical cavity flow and self-sustained oscillating frequency is not significant. An increase in Reynolds number results in a reduction in the value of differential pressure or momentum flux near the rear edge.     

Monte-Carlo方法在黑体空腔有效发射率计算中的应用

采用Monte-Carlo法对圆柱型等温空腔的有效发射率进行计算,对影响空腔有效发射率的一些因素进行了分析,并讨论了腔壁材料的光谱发射率对空腔有效发射率的影响,为黑体空腔的设计计算提供理论计算依据。     

驻涡燃烧室凹腔流场结构实验

驻涡燃烧室采用凹腔结构稳定火焰,研究凹腔内不同燃料与空气喷射情况下的流场结构非常重要。采用粒子成像测速仪(PIV)测量了驻涡燃烧室凹腔在不同主流速度下的流场,并对比分析了凹腔进气结构分别为不开冷却缝及油气渗混孔、开冷却缝不开油气渗混孔、开冷却缝和后体油气渗混孔、开冷却缝和前体油气渗混孔时的流场结构。研究结果表明,不同主流速度下所设计的不同凹腔进气结构均能在腔内形成稳定的涡,冷却缝对流场的影响较小,凹腔油气掺混孔在开孔截面上对流场及涡核中心位置的影响较大。     

超声速气流中凹槽结构煤油喷射和掺混研究

针对凹槽超声速气流中的喷射掺混现象开展了实验和数值计算研究。实验中采用了高速阴影法和PLIF(Plane laser induced fluorescence)方法详细地记录了实验现象。结合高速阴影得到的喷射和掺混随时间的流动变化过程,分析了其流动结构和机理。针对在凹槽内喷射的方案研究了喷射压力(1.0 MPa,3.0 MPa,4.0 MPa)、喷射角度(45°,90°)、来流总压和马赫数对掺混的影响。结果表明:在高速气流中,煤油破碎雾化机理依赖于大速度差、强剪切气流作用。煤油雾化区和来流空气混合边界存在涡结构。对小孔(d=0.4 mm)喷射,即使在高压(4.0 MPa)垂直喷射条件下,煤油射流产生的弓形激波强度也较弱。由于剪切层的存在导致上述参数变化对煤油穿透深度的影响较小。     

Scaling effects on combustion modes in a single-side expansion kerosene-fueled scramjet combustor

The combustion modes in two different scramjet combustors with the mass flow rates of 1.8 kg/s and 3.6 kg/s are experimentally investigated to explore the scaling effects on supersonic combustion with a Mach number 2.0 inflow. It is found that the scramjet combustor with a larger scale can broaden the flame rich blowout limit. As the Equivalence Ratio (ER) increases, the combustion in the small-scale combustor maintains in the cavity-stabilized mode, and the flamebase moves downstream along the cavity shear layer; however, the combustion in the large-scale combustor gradually transfers from the cavity-stabilized mode to the jet-wake-stabilized mode. The differences in the cavity residence time, the ignition delay time and the Damkohler number caused by different scales of the scramjet combustor are likely to account for the scaling effects on the combustion modes.     

Large eddy simulation based studies of jet–cavity interactions in a supersonic flow

Interactions of a cavity flameholder with an upstream injected jet in a Ma 2.52 supersonic flow are investigated numerically. A hybrid RANS/LES (Reynolds-Averaged Navier–Stokes/Large Eddy Simulation) method acting as wall-modeled LES is adopted, for which the recycling/rescaling method is introduced to treat the unsteady turbulent inflow. Patterns of the fluid entrainment into the cavity and escape from the cavity are identified using a scalar-tracing method. It is found that the jet–cavity interactions remarkably enhanced the mass exchange between the fluids in and out of the cavity, resulting in reduced residence time of the cavity fluids. Increasing the distance between the fuel injection and the cavity leading edge tends to attenuate the jet–cavity interactions, leading to weaker mass exchange. Raising the injection pressure appears to enhance the jet–cavity interactions, resulting in a shorter residence time of the cavity fluids. Moreover, the mass decay processes for the fuel and air within the cavity are basically the same while the entrainment processes for the fuel and air into the cavity seem quite different.     

大功率同轴谐振器连接缝隙EML和PIM研究

在大功率工作环境中,射频电路经常发生电磁泄漏(ElectroMagneticLeak,EML)和无源互调(PassiveInter Modulation,PIM)等现象。而在同轴谐振器中,不稳定连接缝隙处成为增加电磁泄漏EML和PIM问题风险的隐患部位。文章通过对同轴谐振器等效电路建模和电磁场建模给出了缝隙位置与电磁场表面电流的关系,并分析了3种不同结构同轴谐振腔EML特性。结果表明通过微调连接缝隙,使其有效偏离同轴谐振器的电流波幅点位置,可以降低大功率同轴谐振器的连接泄漏,从而减小无源互调的风险。依据分析结果选取了3种同轴结构(单螺钉连接、法兰内连接、法兰外连接)中连接泄露最小的结构作为大功率器件的基本结构,小批量器件在大功率测试和试验中无EML和PIM现象。     

谐振式集成光学陀螺中电流调谐致强度噪声研究

采用半导体激光器(LD)是谐振式集成光学陀螺(RIOG)小型化发展的重要趋势,但是LD的电流调谐特性会引入强度噪声.理论分析了电流调谐致强度噪声对开环RIOG性能的影响,得到频率锁定位置与LD输出光强之间为线性关系.随后,提出了基于频率锁定位置的强度噪声抑制方案,通过频率锁定位置实时监测LD输出光强的变化,根据监测值得到补偿系数,并补偿陀螺输出.建立了抑制电流调谐致强度噪声的理论模型,并进行了实验验证,RIOG的零偏稳定性由0.768(°)/s提高到0.103(°)/s.