基于ADS-B信息的通航飞行冲突避让算法研究

随着低空空域的开放和通用航空的发展,低空空域流量大幅增加,致使飞机飞行冲突事件呈多发态势。为了解决低空冲突问题,基于广播式自动相关监视(ADS-B)信息的避让算法,首先利用相对运动关系对本机周围的飞行状况进行分析,排除不存在危险冲突的航空器;然后针对危险接近的航空器,提出调整速度和改变航向两种避让策略;最后利用Matlab软件,对两种避让算法进行仿真分析。结果表明:算法正确有效,能够快速辨别飞行冲突,并给出合理的避让策略;调整航向的避让算法,其有效性优于调整速度的避让算法,但在实际飞行中,由于调整速度的避让方法更易操作且节约成本,应优先选择调整速度的避让方案。     

A novel visual servo method for space manipulators by planning jerk

A novel trajectory planning method for space manipulators is proposed in this article, which can generate trajectory in Cartesian space with continuous joint jerk. The key idea is that, given the desired position for an individual joint, the corresponding joint trajectory is generated in a way like a controller. The generated jerk acts as the controller’s output driving an ideal third-order system to arrive at the desired position, with no need for discrete points in advance. In real applications, the visual servo task is accomplished hierarchically. Since the desired pose in Cartesian space measured by cameras concerns multi degrees of freedom (DOF), desired positions for individual joints are obtained by inverse-kinematics model. Then, joint trajectories are generated as above. To improve the trajectory’s smoothness, a bridging matrix is implemented to ensure that the desired pose varies continuously. Simulation and experimental results show that the proposed method is effective to track targets with different kinds of motion, i.e. can track the input-bounded signal asymptotically.     

舰载雷达鉴定试验数据处理关键问题分析

舰载雷达鉴定试验是雷达试验的重要部分.为了对雷达的性能作出置信度高的评判,数据处理是关键.只有因素考虑全面、模型建立正确,才能获得高精度的真值数据,进而实现对雷达的可靠评判.分析了数据处理的流程和关键环节,针对空间变换、舰体运动参数补偿、时间校准3个关键问题进行建模,并用实例计算结果验证了模型的可行性和有效性.     

Lift performance enhancement for flapping airfoils by considering surging motion

The flapping motion has a great impact on the aerodynamic performance of flapping wings. In this paper, a surging motion is added to an airfoil performing pitching-plunging combined motion to figure out how it influences the lift performance and flow pattern of flapping airfoils. Firstly, the numerical methods are validated by a NACA0012 airfoil pitching case and a NACA0012 airfoil plunging case. Then, the E377m airfoil which has typical geometric characteristics of the bird-like airfoil is selected as the calculation model to study how phase differences φ₁ between surging motion and plunging motion affect the aerodynamic performance of flapping airfoils. The results show that the airfoil with surging motion has comprehensively better lift performance and thrust performance than the airfoil without surging motion when 15°< φ₁ < 90°. It is demonstrated that surging motion has a powerful ability to improve the aerodynamic performance of flapping airfoil by adjusting φ₁. Finally, to further explore how flapping airfoil improves lift performance by considering surging motion, the flapping motions of E377m airfoil with the highest lift coefficient and lift efficiency are obtained through trajectory optimization. The surging motion is removed in the highest lift case and highest lift efficiency case respectively, and the mechanism that surging motion adjusts the aerodynamic force is analyzed in detail by comparing the vortex structure and kinematic parameters. The results of this paper help reveal the aerodynamic mechanism of bird flight and guide the design of Flapping wing Micro Air Vehicles (FMAV).     

High dynamic output feedback robust control of cascaded extended state observer

High dynamic tracking performance is a key technical index of hydraulic flight motion simulator(HFMS). However, the strong nonlinearities, various model uncertainties and measurement noise in hydraulic actuation systems limit the high dynamic performance improvement. In this paper, the outer axis frame of a HFMS is taken as a case study and its nonlinear dynamic model with consideration of strong nonlinearities, matched and mismatched uncertainties is established.A novel cascaded extended state ...     

两个设计点的螺旋桨气动性能

结合某垂直起降无人机对螺旋桨的总体设计要求，分析了同时满足两个设计点的螺旋桨设计难点，完成了对所设计螺旋桨性能要求的验证，探究了两个设计点对螺旋桨设计性能的影响及影响因素，获得对设计的指导性结论.通过CFX软件进行悬停和巡航状态下的数值计算，并与其车载试验结果进行对比，结果表明:设计螺旋桨可满足设计要求，且数值模拟与车载试验结果基本吻合，误差不超过11%.将设计螺旋桨与单个设计点的旋翼或巡航螺旋桨进行对比，分析影响因素，发现两个设计点将会降低螺旋桨在每个单独设计点的工作性能，且通过减小起飞总质量和巡航速度、增加动力系统个数和功率来缩小设计点间差异可降低设计难度和性能损失.      

固体姿轨控发动机喉栓运动时序实验设计方法

固体姿轨控发动机通过伺服机构控制喉栓位移实现推力矢量调节。为实现推力精确调控，需拟合大量地面试验数据，得出发动机喉栓位移与推力矢量间的数学模型。提出了一种面向喉栓式固体轨控发动机喉栓运动时序实验设计方法，实现了单次试验中不同燃烧室理论压强及喉栓位移组合最大覆盖，为最低试验成本下精准构建喉栓位移与推力输出模型提供训练样本。以四阀固体轨控发动机作为对象，基于零维内弹道实现燃气发生器压强求解。采用Φp准则评估喉栓位置组合遍历性，并对其进行优化，获得合理的喉栓运动方案。算例结果证明实验设计后方案在整个运动周期内几乎遍历各种组合状态，较实验设计前Φp值提升近40%，验证了本文实验设计方法在时序工程问题中的优良性能。采用实验设计方法可提高固体姿轨控发动机地面试车数据利用效率。     

运载火箭演进及智能技术展望

运载火箭是进入空间的主要运输工具，决定着一个国家进入、利用和控制空间的能力。首先，总结了国外运载火箭的演进历史，提出了传统升级和创新发展两种演进模式。其次，根据运载火箭演进规律提出了评估指标——面推比。以此指标能够引领运载火箭向合理的方向演进。然后，回顾了中国长征系列运载火箭的演进历程，根据面推比提出了产品后续优化的方向。最后，展望了运载火箭智能技术，指出未来我国运载火箭应从运输工具向重复使用的智能运输平台迈进。