低速离心压气机非稳态流和机匣处理的数值分析

机匣处理能够改善压气机稳定裕度,扩大其稳定工作范围。为了验证并分析其扩稳机理,对带沿气流流向槽的低速离心压气机内部进行了全三维数值模拟,将数值计算结果与实验结果进行了比较,并详细对比分析了实壁机匣和机匣处理后离心压气机转子顶部区域流场结构,以及阐述了机匣处理对叶顶间隙泄漏涡和二次流等非稳态三维紊流流动的影响。     

处理机匣在单级跨声速风扇上的实验研究

为新研制的单级跨声速风扇设计了３种不同形式的处理机匣,圆弧斜槽处理机匣、轴向斜槽处理机匣和反旋涡式处理机匣,并在该单级跨声风扇上进行了实验研究。采用新建立的试车台数据实时采集与监控系统,测量了该单级跨声速风扇的总性能和采用处理机匣后风扇的总性能、基元级性能。通过分析表明圆弧斜槽处理机匣使负扇的稳定工作裕度获得较大的改善,并且与实壁参考机匣相比,提高了峰值效率,其作用效果明显地优于其他形式的处理机匣     

可调进口导叶和叶片角向缝处理机匣相互作用的

可调进口导叶和叶片角向缝处理机匣都能扩大压气机的稳定工作范围,为了分析同时采用这两种措施对压气机稳定性的影响及二者之间相互作用的机理,在单转子轴流压气机实验台上对不同导叶弯角下实壁机匣和叶片角向缝机匣进行了详细的实验测试。同时,对导叶弯角为+10°的每一种机匣结构和导叶0°的实壁机匣结构进行了数值模拟,数值模拟结果与实验结果符合良好,相对于导叶0°的实壁机匣,实验及数值模拟结果均表明,导叶正弯角结合叶片角向缝机匣处理结构能更好地扩大压气机的稳定工作裕度。对转子流场进行对比分析可得,导叶正预旋能抑制叶背气流的分离,提高压气机的稳定工作范围,但仍然没有改变转子叶尖部诱发失速的流动现象,而叶片角向缝主要是通过对叶顶气流的抽吸作用抑制了间隙泄漏流达到扩稳效果,因此耦合时能独立发挥各自的扩稳作用,从而能获得比单独使用任何一种方法都要更大的稳定工作范围的提升。     

Study on ballistic penetration resistance of titanium alloy TC4, Part II: Numerical analysis

Enhancing containment capability and reducing weight are always great concerns in the design of casings. Ballistic tests can help to mitigate a catastrophic event after a blade out, yet taking time and costing money. A wise way is to hunt for a validated numerical simulation technology, through which the material dynamic behavior over the strain rate range in the ballistic tests should be represented and reasonable failure strain should be defined. The simulation results show that the validation of the numerical simulation technology based on the test data can accurately estimate the absorption energy, describe the physical process and failure mode during the penetration, as well as the failure mechanism. It is found that energy dissipation of projectiles is in manner of compression stage, energy conversion stage, and interactive scrap stage. An effect indicator is proposed, where the factors of critical velocity including impact orientation and mass of projectiles and thickness of casings are considered. The critical velocity presents a linear relation with the effect indicator, which implies the critical velocity obtained by the flat casing could underestimate the capability of the real casing.     

处理机匣激励频率对跨声速压气机性能的影响

通过改变处理机匣槽数来改变处理机匣对压气机内部流场的非定常激励频率,对4种激励频率下压气机性能进行了测试。实验结果表明,处理机匣槽数对应的非定常激励频率是影响压气机性能的关键因素之一。通过优化处理机匣对压气机非定常激励的频率,压气机性能可以得到全面提升:对于实验用跨声速压气机,在近设计转速下峰值效率、综合裕度和最大流量分别提高0.17%,19.86%和0.81%,而在低转速下这三个增量最大分别可达到1.13%,57.84%和1.57%。     

Response and stabilization of a two-stage axial flow compressor restricted by rotating inlet distortion

This paper considers effects of Rotating Inlet Distortion (RID) on a two-stage axial compressor and the stabilization effects of a casing treatment subjected to the considered RID. In multi-spool engines, the downstream compressor suffers a RID when the upstream fan/compressor is in rotating stall. A controlled rotating sectional screen upstream of the compressor was adopted to generate the RID in different intensities, and co- or counter spinning direction compared with the rotor. The response of the compressor to inlet distortion was interpreted as the changes of stall margin. Results show that there are two peaks for the stall margin degradation where the distortion screen rotates near 20% and 70% of the rotor’s rotational frequency, respectively. Based on the measurements taken during the pre-stall process, it is suggested that the two frequencies are associated with the eigen frequencies of the compressor. Specifically, the first is associated with a stall precursor that is suspected as an initial disturbance existing in compressor and the second is related to a spike-type stall precursor. At last, a kind of Stall Precursor-Suppressed (SPS) casing treatment was applied to enhance the compressor stability in RID conditions. The result indicates that the stall margin is improved by 6% at an average level and there is nearly no efficiency loss caused by the application of such casing treatment.     

双级跨声风扇双段轴向缝式机匣扩稳机理分析

以高负荷,高转速的双级跨声轴流风扇为对象,用数值模拟的方法研究了双段轴向倾斜槽类机匣的扩稳机理。计算得到的实体壁机匣和处理机匣的性能曲线与实验结果符合得较好。计算和实验均表明,双段缝式处理机匣扩大亚声速工况下的稳定工作范围。通过详细的流场分析表明,亚声工况下双级风扇第1级动叶吸力面附面层分离造成的叶顶通道阻塞是双级风扇流动失稳的关键因素。双段缝式处理机匣利用叶顶通道的压差在缝内形成回流,该回流将转子顶部通道内的低能流体抽吸进入缝中并向缝上游输运,在输送过程中在压差的作用下加速,最后在缝上游区重新进入主流。通过这种方式激励了转子顶部通道端壁区的低能气团,从而有效地扩大了亚声速工况下该跨声速风扇的稳定工作范围。     

低雷诺数下跨声速转子流动失稳及周向槽处理机匣扩稳

采用数值方法模拟了低雷诺数条件下NASA Rotor 37跨声速压气机转子内部流场。结果表明,附面层径向涡是该压气机转子流动失稳的一个很重要的原因。根据该压气机转子低雷诺数条件下流动失稳的特点,研究了周向槽处理机匣结构对其性能的影响。结果表明,引入处理机匣后,附面层径向涡得到一定程度的抑制,由附面层径向涡所引发的叶顶阻塞区有所减小,提高了压气机转子的失速裕度。     

用小波变换对机匣处理抑制旋转失速的机理研究

本文利用小波变换对轴流压气机旋转失速时的压力信号进行时频分析。通过Ｍｏｒｌｅｔ连续小波变换,详细分析压气机失稳过程中非定常信号的变化,并研究旋转失速初始扰动信号在处理机匣气室中的局部行为。通过对比实壁机匣与处理机匣的失速初始信号相干波形的结构特性,发现不同机匣结构对相干波形结构中压力脉动信号的不同影响,提出处理机匣抑制旋转失速初始扰动发展的机理。     

Recent development of casing treatments for aero-engine compressors

Casing treatment is a mature stabilization technique which has been widely applied on aero-engines for modern aircrafts and turbo-chargers for automobiles. After the investigations of half century since the 1960s, this technique has been well developed for various configurations with different effectiveness. From the perspective of stabilization mechanism, this paper roughly categorizes the configurations of casing treatment into two types: traditional ones which work by affecting the flow structure of blade tip region; a novel one named as Stall Precursor-Suppressed (SPS) casing treatment. The effectiveness of both types will be demonstrated for their applications on axial compressors and centrifugal compressors with uniform or distorted inlet. And the stabilization mechanism of casing treatments for regular types and SPS one will also be explained respectively. In addition, this review will summarize the methodologies of casing treatments with the numerical simulations for regular grooved configurations and the eigenvalue approach for SPS casing treatment. Looking forward to the future of compressor stabilization, casing treatment technique will still exist as a general and inexpensive option, and the exploration for its effectiveness and mechanism will be deeper with the development of computational fluid dynamics and advanced measurement techniques.