尾流激振情况下叶片强迫响应瞬态分析方法

对叶片强迫响应问题,提出应用瞬态分析的方法,针对转子叶片在前排静子叶片尾流激振情况下的位移和应力进行预估.流场进行全场三维非定常求解,将三维非定常气动力引入转子叶片有限元结构计算中,对尾流激振情况下叶片强迫响应问题进行瞬态分析,比较了不同转速下叶片的强迫响应,得到响应位移及应力变化的分析结果.采用叶片强迫响应瞬态分析方法,从流场的求解到结构响应的求解均应用成熟的通用软件,为工程应用该方法进行尾流激振情况下叶片振动应力预估及阻尼的研究提供了一个可行的方法.      

大速度状态下桨毂振动载荷计算方法

依据大速度前飞状态桨叶气动环境,通过对桨叶动力响应、翼型气动力、流场尾迹分布和桨根力等四个方面的分析,建立桨毂振动载荷预计模型。基于Leishman—Beddoes的附着流模型和动态失速模型计算翼型气动力,桨叶运动考虑刚性挥舞模态和弹性挥舞模态,诱导速度采用动力人流理论和Pite—He广义动态尾迹理论。利用状态空间法对方程进行离散化处理。以某型直升机为例。通过几种不同模型的计算,表明流场尾迹分布和桨叶运动变形对桨毂振动载荷预计有较大影响。     

高超声速飞行器高温流场数值模拟面临的问题

随着高超声速飞行器目标光辐射和电磁散射特性研究的发展和深入,高温流场特性日益引起人们的关注。由于高温流场特性研究中涉及到非常多的复杂气动现象,如气动加热、烧蚀、辐射、燃烧、化学反应以及湍流等,因此其数值模拟面临着诸多挑战。这里基于连续流计算流体力学(CFD)技术和稀薄气体蒙特卡罗直接仿真(DSMC)方法,从化学物理模型建模、方法稳定性与数值求解效率出发,分析了高超声速飞行器外部绕流、尾迹和发动机喷焰三方面的流场特性数值模拟在不同弹道、热防护手段和飞行流域环境下所面临的问题。在此基础上提出了数值求解技术和化学物理模型建模今后需要发展的方向,为有效提高高超声速高温流场特性数值模拟效率、增加流场特性预测精度提供了指导,从而为研究流场对高超声速飞行器目标光辐射和电磁散射特性影响提供有效的基础数据。     

Effect of blade sweep on inlet flow in axial compressor cascades

This paper presents comparative numerical studies to investigate the effects of blade sweep on inlet flow in axial compressor cascades. A series of swept and straight cascades was modeled in order to obtain a general understanding of the inlet flow field that is induced by sweep.A computational fluid dynamics(CFD) package was used to simulate the cascades and obtain the required three-dimensional(3D) flow parameters. A circumferentially averaged method was introduced which provided the circumferential fluctuation(CF) terms in the momentum equation.A program for data reduction was conducted to obtain a circumferentially averaged flow field.The influences of the inlet flow fields of the cascades were studied and spanwise distributions of each term in the momentum equation were analyzed. The results indicate that blade sweep does affect inlet radial equilibrium. The characteristic of radial fluid transfer is changed and thus influencing the axial velocity distributions. The inlet flow field varies mainly due to the combined effect of the radial pressure gradient and the CF component. The axial velocity varies consistently with the incidence variation induced by the sweep, as observed in the previous literature. In addition, factors that might influence the radial equilibrium such as blade camber angles, solidity and the effect of the distance from the leading edge are also taken into consideration and comparatively analyzed.     

基于小生境遗传算法的风电场布局优化

基于小生境遗传算法对风电场内风力机机组的布局进行优化。在优化过程中,考虑等风速同风向和变风速变风向两种简化的入流模式,采用修正的Jensen尾流模型模拟机组之间尾流的相互干扰效应,以单位发电量所消耗的成本最低为目标,使用小生境遗传算法优化风电场机组的排布。文中给出了优化后的风电场布局轮廓图、风电场机组台数、总发电量、目标函数值以及风电场的效率。通过与以前的相关研究对比分析,表明本文的方法取得了较优的结果,可为将来真实风场的风力机排布提供参考依据。     

基于时间步进自由尾迹的旋翼总距突增气动响应分析

自由尾迹的桨叶气动模型中,考虑了由于桨叶预扭导致尾随涡不在同一个平面对控制点诱导速度的影响,翼型气动模型采用Leishman-Beddoes非定常气动模型,并推导得到操纵下的桨叶挥舞运动方程。采用二阶精度时间步进格式,耦合桨叶气动模型、挥舞运动方程,构建时间步进自由尾迹算法。而后计算旋翼尾迹在操纵条件下的变化历程,得到旋翼的气动响应。通过计算结果与实验数据的对比,验证方法的可行性,并分析操纵速率、预扭对气动响应的影响。     

A New Single-blade Based Hybrid CFD Method for Hovering and Forward-flight Rotor Computation

A hybrid Euler/full potential/Lagrangian wake method,based on single-blade simulation,for predicting unsteady aerodynamic flow around helicopter rotors in hover and forward flight has been developed.In this method,an Euler solver is used to model the near wake evolution and transonic flow phenomena in the vicinity of the blade,and a full potential equation(FPE) is used to model the isentropic potential flow region far away from the rotor,while the wake effects of other blades and the far wake are incorporated into the flow solution as an induced inflow distribution using a Lagrangian based wake analysis.To further reduce the execution time,the computational fluid dynamics(CFD) solution and rotor wake analysis(including induced velocity up-date) are conducted parallelly,and a load balancing strategy is employed to account for the information exchange between two solvers.By the developed method,several hover and forward-flight cases on Caradonna-Tung and Helishape 7A rotors are per-formed.Good agreements of the loadings on blade surface with available measured data demonstrate the validation of the method.Also,the CPU time required for different computation runs is compared in the paper,and the results show that the pre-sent hybrid method is superior to conventional CFD method in time cost,and will be more efficient with the number of blades increasing.     

涡轮级内非定常流场的数值研究

对涡轮级内非定常流动进行了数值研究,探讨了转子和静子叶片之间的非定常相干的机理。结果表明,高频振动对整个流场的非定常性没有太大的影响,1倍频处的波动幅度占据主导地位,可用正弦函数近似表示叶片上力随时间脉动,时均效应和1倍频效应的影响是统一的。静叶尾迹中波动最强烈的区域正好撞击到动叶通道中央,非定常脉动影响主要出现在前缘附近。     

基于线性规划的直升机旋翼性能优化分析

针对直升机的悬停飞行状态,建立了一个基于线性规划的旋翼性能优化分析模型.应用该分析模型,以四叶模型旋翼为算例,对优化前后桨叶扭转角和环量值的分布进行了对比,并讨论了它们之间的关系.计算结果表明,应用所建立的优化方法对旋翼几何参数进行优化,可在保持旋翼拉力不变的情况下,显著减小旋翼消耗的功率.     

再入弹头非平衡尾迹的回波特性分析

本文利用文[1]方法计算了纯空气非平衡再入弹头尾迹流场,分析了尾迹等离子体场对雷达波的频响效应,并进一步估算了几种高程条件下的雷达散射截面,说明影响截面大小和分布的几个重要因素。分析和计算表明,以物体底部直径和环境参数表征的雷诺数达到转捩值以后,在完全湍流尾迹中可能出现散射截面的突增现象。