气流激励下叶片的高周疲劳概率寿命预估

航空发动机中叶片振动引起的高循环疲劳失效是尤为突出的问题,将概率方法引入叶片高周疲劳寿命预估是叶片高周疲劳问题研究的重要途径。建立了叶片系统的概率疲劳积累损伤模型,由求得的振动应力出发,提出了一套完整的气流激励下叶片高周疲劳概率寿命的预估方法,分析中可以量化各种不确定因素对振动应力和疲劳寿命的影响,包括模态特征的不确定性和激励特征的不确定性。结合具体工程算例,分析得到某小型发动机二级静叶在工作转速下随工作时间增长的概率疲劳积累损伤,并给出了对应的工作可靠性。     

超临界机组末级叶片典型截面的叶型设计

针对超临界机组末级长叶片的设计特点,采用遗传算法和人工神经网络,提出对长叶片典型截面叶型进行分区优化设计思想,并对原型与改型进行了多工况点的数值计算,结果表明,将叶型吸力侧后半段由直线型改为内凹型,能够显著降低超声速叶型在超声速工况范围内的叶型损失。对叶型前缘以及压力侧的局部优化设计能够改善超声速叶型在临界马赫数工况下的气动性能。优化设计最大程度地减小了样本空间,提高了优化效率。     

温度与转速对涡轮叶尖径向间隙的影响

给出了考虑温度和转速影响的涡轮叶尖径向间隙的分析计算方法。用ＡＮＳＹＳ有限元软件计算出涡轮叶径向间隙的时间历程变化趋势,其中叶盘径向位移主要考虑温度和转速的影响,机匣径向位移主要考虑温度的影响。该分析计算方法为进一步开展涡轮叶尖径向间隙主动控制的研究奠定一定的基础。     

凸肩叶片接触状态的非线性动力学研究

针对航空发动机凸肩叶片系统的运动特点 ,将其简化为单自由度系统进行了分析 ,推导出该系统的李雅谱诺夫指数的计算公式。虽然接触面上的正压力作谐波变化 ,系统的李雅谱诺夫指数均不大于零 ,其稳态响应只有周期或拟周期运动 ,不会出现混沌。同时数值计算也表明 ,系统的稳态响应是周期或拟周期运动 ,而且出现 (v-1 )的次谐波成分 ,由此看出对凸肩接触状态进行非线性动力学分析是必要的     

存在剥离条件下颗粒物沉积过程的数值研究和实验验证

为了更加准确地模拟涡轮叶片表面颗粒物沉积的增长过程和分布状况,研究颗粒物沉积过程中粘附、剥离直至稳定平衡的规律,在经改进的颗粒粘附模型基础上考虑两种剥离形式,利用Fluent的User Defined Function (UDF)功能和网格重构技术,最终实现了熔融石蜡颗粒于带有气膜冷却的平板上沉积动态增长的过程。通过与相同条件下所得实验结果的对比,验证了所用模型的有效性和合理性。随后研究了是否加入剥离模型、气膜冷却吹风比、气膜孔射流角度等因素对沉积效果的影响。计算结果表明,考虑颗粒的剥离效应将减少颗粒物沉积的总量,尤其是在气膜孔后较短区域内;此外,吹风比的增加将使颗粒不易撞击壁面,已粘附的颗粒也更容易剥离从而降低沉积的厚度和质量;射流角度不断增大则使气膜覆盖效果变差,壁面温度升高,颗粒更易达到熔融状态沉积下来。研究发现该数值方法有助于更加精确地仿真沉积增长的过程,证实了吹风比和射流角度对沉积的分布和厚度有很大影响。当射流角度处于35°～40°时,可在一定程度上减少沉积。     

涡轮叶片内部微小V肋-凹陷涡复合冷却流动与传热数值模拟

为强化航空发动机涡轮叶片内冷通道传热性能,针对带有微小V肋-凹陷涡高效复合冷却结构矩形通道,采用Abe Kondoh Nagano （AKN） k-ε湍流模型数值模拟研究了肋高与凹陷深度组合对流动传热特性的影响机理。结果表明,当凹陷深度一定,复合结构的强化换热效果随肋高增加而增加,3mm肋高复合结构的传热相比纯凹陷提高了87.1%;当肋高一定,传热随凹陷深度增加先增强后基本保持不变,6mm深凹陷复合结构相比纯V肋提高了52.8%。通过在凹陷上游布置V肋,增强了越过V肋冲入凹陷内流体的湍动能,从而使凹陷前部回流区减小;同时来自微小V肋的涡流与凹陷内部的涡流相互作用,增强了整个流场的动量和热量输运,使通道换热均匀,并相较纯凹陷或纯V肋结构均有显著提升。     

热载与进口气流条件对柱肋通道换热的影响

目前关于燃气涡轮叶片冷却的实验研究多数是在常温常压进口气流和低壁温条件下进行的,而实际燃气涡轮叶片的冷却气流为来自于压气机的高温高压空气,且涡轮叶片壁面热载（定义为加热壁面壁温与冷却气流进口温度之比）很高。为了掌握热载与进口气流条件对于涡轮叶片尾缘内部冷却通道的冷却效果的影响,本文在考虑空气物性随温度变化的情况下,采用数值模拟方法进行了相关的计算和分析。计算选取了两种进口气流条件（常温常压、高温高压）,热载为1.1-1.9,进口气流雷诺数为5×103-1×105。计算结果表明,进口气流雷诺数一定的情况下,随着热载的增大,通道内换热能力降低,流动阻力系数增大;与常温常压进口气流条件相比,高温高压进口气流条件导致通道努塞尔数降低,并且努塞尔数在高热载条件的降低更为显著;在进口气流雷诺数为60000的条件下,高温高压进口气流、热载为1.9的条件下通道的努塞尔数比与常温常压进口气流条件、热载为1.1条件下通道的努塞尔数降低了15.8%,且随着进口气流雷诺数的提高,通道换热的削弱程度进一步增大。本文的研究表明,涡轮叶片的冷却设计必须考虑叶片冷却的实际条件,并对实验数据结果进行合理修正。     

Parametric study of turbine NGV blade lean and vortex design

The effects of blade lean and vortex design on the aerodynamics of a turbine entry nozzle guide vane (NGV) are considered using computational fluid dynamics. The aim of the work is to address some of the uncertainties which have arisen from previous studies where conflicting results have been reported for the effect on the NGV. The configuration was initially based on the energy efficient engine turbine which also served as the validation case for the computational method. A total of 17 NGV configurations were evaluated to study the effects of lean and vortex design on row efficiency and secondary kinetic energy. The distribution of mass flow ratio is introduced as an additional factor in the assessment of blade lean effects. The results show that in the turbine entry NGV, the secondary flow strength is not a dominant factor that determines NGV losses and therefore the changes of loading distribution due to blade lean and the associated loss mecha-nisms should be regarded as a key factor. Radial mass flow redistribution under different NGV lean and twist is demonstrated as an addition key factor influencing row efficiency.     

Reliability analysis of aero-engine blades considering nonlinear strength degeneration

To comprehensively consider the effects of strength degeneration and failure correlation, an improved stress-strength interference (SSI) model is proposed to analyze the reliability of aeroengine blades with the fatigue failure mode. Two types of TC4 alloy experiments are conducted for the study on the damage accumulation law. All the parameters in the nonlinear damage model are obtained by the tension-compression fatigue tests, and the accuracy of the nonlinear damage model is verified by the damage tests. The strength degeneration model is put forward on the basis of the Chaboche nonlinear damage theory and the Griffith fracture criterion, and determined by measuring the fatigue toughness during the tests. From the comparison of two kinds of degeneration models based on the Miner’s linear law and the nonlinear damage model respectively, the nonlinear model has a significant advantage on prediction accuracy especially in the later period of life. A time-dependent SSI reliability model is established. By computing the stress distribution using the finite element (FE) technique, the reliability of a single blade during the whole service life is obtained. Considering the failure correlation of components, a modified reliability model of aero-engine blades with common cause failure (CCF) is presented. It shows a closer and more reasonable process with the actual working condition. The improved reliability model is illustrated to be applied to aero-engine blades well, and the approach purposed in this paper is suitable for any actual machinery component of aero-engine rotor systems.     

A novel none once per revolution blade tip timing based blade vibration parameters identification method

The vibration caused blade High Cycle Fatigue (HCF) is seriously affects the safety operation of turbomachinery especially for aero-engine. Thus, it is crucial important to identify the blade vibration parameters and then evaluate the dynamic stress amplitude. Blade Tip Timing (BTT) method is one of the promising method to solve these problems. While, it need a high resolution Once Per Revolution (OPR) signal which is difficult to get for the aero-engine. Here, a Coupled Vibration Analysis (CVA) method for identifying blade vibration parameters by a none OPR BTT is proposed. The method assumes that every real blade has its own vibration performance at a given speed. Whereby, it can take any blade as the reference blade, and the other blades using the reference blade as the OPR for vibration displacement calculating and further parameter identifying. The proposed method is validated by numerical model. Also, experimental studies are carried out on a straight blade and a twisted three dimensional blade test rig as well as a large industrial axial compressor respectively. The results show that the proposed method can accurately identify the blade synchronous vibration parameters and quantitatively evaluate the mistuning in bladed disks, which lays a foundation for the reliability improvement of aero-engine.