基于日最大风速记录的建筑群风环境评估方法

提出将各风向的风速比与日最大风速概率分布相结合,进行风环境评估,并按照风速大小划定建筑功能区域的基本方法。首先利用地面风速探头在风洞中对建筑群周边区域的风场进行定量测量,得出不同风向下各测点的风速比。再根据多年日最大风速记录和广义极值分布函数族,得出不同风向的日最大风速概率分布参数。由此即可求出各测点日最大风速超过风速阈值的概率。参照风环境评估准则,可对各区域的舒适度进行定量评估,并对其进行功能分区。通过对某高层建筑群的实验研究,验证了该方法的有效性和简便性,研究结果对建筑设计有直接的指导意义。     

阀体后90°圆形弯管内部流场PIV测量及POD分析

利用激光粒子图像测速技术对阀体后90°圆截面弯管的内部流场进行测量,获取了弯管流场在不同来流流速及观测截面上的高分辨率瞬态速度场数据。分析了图像相关计算所获得的瞬态及时均速度场,对流场进行本征正交分解,并进一步分析重构脉动场中的涡结构特性。结果表明：流体流经蝶阀在弯管中形成卡门涡街,涡结构信息包含在本征正交分解低阶模态中,脉动场的模态重构可以还原涡的流动特性。     

螺旋桨径向力风洞试验方法研究

螺旋桨飞机的研制设计过程中,必须了解和掌握动力系统对飞机气动特性的影响。螺旋桨动力系统对飞机的影响主要包括螺旋桨拉力和扭矩、气流斜吹螺旋桨产生的径向力以及滑流影响。螺旋桨径向力的风洞试验在国内尚属探索研究阶段,本文结合型号研制实际应用,对气流斜吹螺旋桨产生的径向力的机理和试验方法进行了研究探索,提出了一种以螺旋桨直接模拟法为基础的螺旋桨径向力风洞试验方法,并通过理论和试验方法完成了试验结果的相关性修正、全机对螺旋桨径向力的上洗等干扰修正,获得了可以满足工程研制使用的螺旋桨径向力数据,可为同类的螺旋桨飞机总体气动布局设计提供参考。     

Analytical model of cutting force in axial ultrasonic vibration-assisted milling in-situ TiB2/7050Al PRMMCs

Ultrasonic vibration-assisted milling has been widely applied in machining the difficult-to-cut materials owing to the remarkable improvements in reducing the cutting force. However, analytical models to reveal the mechanism and predict the cutting force of ultrasonic vibration-assisted milling metal matrix composites are still needed to be developed. In this paper, an analytical model of cutting force was established for ultrasonic vibration-assisted milling in-situ TiB₂/7050Al metal matrix composites. During modeling, change of motion of the cutting tool, contact of tool-chip-workpiece and acceleration of the chip caused by ultrasonic vibration was considered based on equivalent oblique cutting model. Meanwhile, material properties, tool geometry, cutting parameters and vibration parameters were taken into consideration. Furthermore, the developed analytical force model was validated with and without ultrasonic vibration milling experiments on in-situ TiB₂/7050Al metal matrix composites. The predicted cutting forces show to be consistent well with the measured cutting forces. Besides, the relative error of instantaneous maximum forces between the predicted and measured data is from 0.4% to 15.1%. The analytical model is significant for cutting force prediction not only in ultrasonic-vibration assisted milling but also in conventional milling in-situ TiB₂/7050Al metal matrix composites, which was proved with general applicability.     

Three-dimensional temperature prediction in cylindrical turning with large-chamfer insert based on a modified slip-line field approach

Chamfered inserts have found broader applications in metal cutting process especially in high-performance machining of hard-to-cut materials for their excellent edge resistance and cutting toughness. However, excessive heat generation and resulting high cutting temperature eventually cause severe tool wear and poor surface integrity, which simultaneously limits the optimal selection of machining parameters. In the present study, an analytical thermal–mechanical model is proposed for the prediction of the three-dimensional (3-D) temperature field in cylindrical turning with chamfered round insert based on a modified slip-line field approach. First, an innovative discretization method is introduced in a general 3-D coordinate system to provide a comprehensive demonstration of the irregular cutting geometry and heat generation zones. Then, a plasticity-theory-based slip-line field model is developed and employed to determine the intensities and geometries of every elementary heat sources in Primary Deformation Zones (PDZ), Secondary Deformation Zones (SDZ) and Dead Metal Zones (DMZ). At last, a 3-D analytical model is suggested to calculate the temperature increases caused by the entire heat sources and associated images. The maximum cutting temperature region predicted is found existing upon the chip-tool contact area rather than the tool edge. Moreover, the rationalities of cutting parameters employed are analyzed along with theoretical material removal rates and ensuing maximum cutting temperatures. The results indicate that the cutting conditions with large depth of cut and high cutting speed are more desirable than those with high feed rates. The proposed models are respectively verified through a series of 3-D Finite Element (FE) simulations and dry cutting experiments of Inconel 718 with chamfered round insert. Satisfactory agreement has been reached between the predictions and simulations as well as the measurements, which confirms the correctness and effectiveness of the presented analytical model.     

连续波激光推力器稳定工作条件的解析计算模型

连续波激光推力器工作需要稳定的等离子体以吸收激光。为得到推力器中等离子体稳定维持的参数条件,根据吸收室内绕等离子体区域流动的流场特征,考虑高温状态下工质的热物理性质、激光吸收和辐射效应,建立了推力器吸收室内的能量平衡模型,该模型包含入射激光功率、推力室压强、等离子体区核心温度以及工质质量流量等参数。计算表明,该模型所得稳定质量流量随压力、激光功率的变化趋势与实验结果一致,并解释了稳定质量流量区间存在的原因。     

取样比较法脉冲功率计校准技术研究

主要介绍了采用取样比较法校准脉冲功率计的测试系统。该测试系统采用了视频取样的方法,建立了低反射系数等效信号源,实现了宽频带测试,还对脉冲功率幅度的修正进行了分析和数据处理,以验证该测试系统的稳幅性能。     

端齿连接及变轴力的影响

针对端齿连接及变轴力这二大特点, 本文就轴向预紧端齿连接转子的强度及动力特性以及相应分析方法进行讨论。首先说明端齿连接及变轴力对于转子强度及动力特性的影响, 然后从相应分析方法及分析内容两个方面, 针对以往工作的不足作出必要的补充。      

新型铝质装配式散热器换热特性试验研究及计算机模拟

对新型铝质装配式散热器换热特性进行了试验研究,拟合了传热性能关系式。在此基础上编制的新型散热器性能模拟软件,其计算结果与试验值吻合度高,具有较好的工程应用价值。还试验比较分析了新型散热器与铜质管带式散热器的换热性能。     

自适应网格局部加密方法在可压缩流场模拟中的应用

本文基于M.J.Berger和J.Oliger发展的自适应网格局部加密算法,它采用多个组合网格的思想,用于求解双曲型方程组。它结合显式有限差分格式,采用Richardson外推技术自动进行局部截断误差估计,对精度低的区域产生新细网格局部加密,或去除无需再加密的旧细网格,以最小的运算量达到给定的精度要求。网格可一层层加密下去,按层次覆盖,每个网格是有任意方向的矩形均匀网格。这套算法独立于求解所用的差分格式,很容易和各种格式结合。 我们从M.J.Berger和J.Oliger程序出发,参考M.J.Berger和P.Colella,对守恒型方程组,实现了粗细网格交接面上数值通量守恒,从而能计算间断解。对网格边界处理、误差估计和网格重新生成等做了一些改进,并且可以灵活地在任何感兴趣区域指定加密。 我们用不定常Euler方程组计算了带前台阶的二维管道中Mach-3流动,采用MacCormack显式附加人工粘性差分格式。共用了四层网格结构:Δ=1/10、1/20、1/80和1/320。其中基本网格是Δ=1/10;到台阶上第一次激波反射区域从Δ=1/20加密至Δ=1/80,计算到定常所需运算量仅是同等均匀网格△=1/80的28％;我们还用Δ=1/320网格对台阶拐角和切向间断处指定加密,结果表明可明显改善台阶上的激波Mach反射,切向间断清晰可辨,所需的计算量是上述均匀网格Δ=1/