基于强化学习的航空器机场智能静态路径规划

随着人工智能迅速发展以及“智慧机场”的提出,研究人工智能在机场如何有效地辅助机场管制人员,驾驶员指挥航空器在地面滑行具有重要意义。本文提出一种基于强化学习的滑行路径规划方法,构建航空器机场地面强化学习移动模型,并以海口美兰机场为案例采用 Python 内置工具包 Tkinter 进行场面仿真;在此基础上,考虑机场航空器滑行规则,采用 Off-Policy 中 Q-Learning 算法求解贝尔曼方程,实现航空器在 Model-based 环境中进行静态路径规划。结果表明：本文所提方法能够实现停机位到跑道出口智能静态路径规划     

Microstructural characterization and mechanical behavior analysis of 7075-T6 aluminum subjected to simulated lightning strikes

Aircrafts damages caused by lightning strikes have been known since the early days of aviation. However, the physical effects on the aircraft structure are still being investigated. This work seeks to evaluate the lightning strike effects in the aluminum alloy 7075-T6. Samples were submitted to lightning strike simulation in laboratory and the damages evaluated through characterization techniques. Ultrasound and profilometry tests have shown material loss to 0.272 mm depth in the damaged region. In addition, it was detected the material accumulation occurrence in the damage vicinity of the region. Below the damage, it was found a region where metallurgical changes were identified. The tensile and microhardness tests results have shown reduction in the percentage elongation and hardness increasing in the material affected by lightning. These results are corroborated by the X-Ray Diffraction (XRD) and Rietveld Method (red line) that indicated an increasing in dislocation density and micro-deformation in the material matrix. Optical microscopy results have shown the presence of microcracks on the normal and cross-section surface of the samples damaged. The Energy Dispersive X-Ray Spectroscopy (EDXS) and Electron Backscattered Diffraction Test (EBSD) found coarse intermetallic phases and precipitates compounds with dimensions greater than 1 μm in length. They were responsible for nucleation of the microcracks that propagate along the material grain boundaries.     

Civil unmanned aircraft system operation in national airspace: A survey from Air Navigation Service Provider perspective

Unmanned Aircraft Systems (UASs) have advanced technologically and surged exponentially over recent years. Currently, due to safety concerns, most civil operations of UAS are conducted in low-level uncontrolled area or in segregated controlled airspace. As the industry progresses, both operational and technological capabilities have matured to the point where UASs are expected to gain greater freedom of access to both controlled and uncontrolled airspace. Extensive technical and regulatory surveys have been conducted to enable the expanded operations. However, most surveys are derived from the perspective of UAS own operating mechanism and barely consider interactions of their non-segregated activities with the Air Traffic Management (ATM) system. Hence, to fill the gap, this paper presents a survey conducted from the perspective of Air Navigation Service Provider (ANSP), which serves to accommodate these new entrants to the overall national airspace while continuing flight safety and efficiency. The primary objectives of this paper are to: (A) describe what typical ANSP-supplied UAS Traffic Management (UTM) architecture is required to facilitate all types of civil UAS operations; (B) identify three major ANSP considerations on how UAS can be accommodated safely in civil airspace; (C) outline future directions and challenges related with UAS operations for the ANSP.     

Effect of scavenge port angles on flow distribution and performance of swirl-loop scavenging in 2-stroke aircraft diesel engine

Swirl-Loop Scavenging (SLS) improves the performance of 2-stroke aircraft diesel engine because the involved swirl may not only benefit the scavenging process, but also facilitate the fuel atomization and combustion. The arrangement of scavenge port angles greatly influences in-cylinder flow distribution and swirl intensity, as well as the performance of the SLS engine. However, the mechanism of the effect and visualization experiment are rarely mentioned in the literature. To further investigate the SLS, Particle Image Velocimetry (PIV) experiment and Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) simulation are adopted to obtain its swirl distribution characteristics, and the effect of port angles on scavenging performance is discussed based on engine fired cycle simulation. The results illustrate that Reynolds Stress Turbulence model is accurate enough for in-cylinder flow simulation. Tangential and axial velocity distribution of the flow, as well as the scavenging performance, are mainly determined by geometric scavenge port angles α_geom and β_geom. For reinforcement of scavenging on cross-sections and meridian planes, α_geom value of 27° and β_geom value of 60° are preferred, under which the scavenging efficiency reaches as high as 73.7%. Excessive swirl intensity has a negative effect on SLS performance, which should be controlled to a proper extent.     

航空器遭遇严重积冰天气分析

利用常规天气资料、NCEP/NCAR的1°×1°再分析资料对2012年3月19日发生在北疆沿天山地区强降水过程造成航空器严重积冰的天气进行了分析。结果表明:(1)500 h Pa西南急流和400 h Pa以上偏西急流的存在,配合中低空冷空气的补充,为积冰天气的形成提供了适宜的条件。(2)乌鲁木齐上空高湿层随时间逐渐下降,对应的温度、温度露点差向适宜积冰的区域变化,为强积冰天气提供了有利的温湿条件。(3)强积冰区存在一个弱的、持续性的垂直上升运动,垂直运动导致液态水聚集带形成,弱上升运动区对应发生强积冰合适的温湿高度层。(4)19日14时~20日02时,石河子到乌鲁木齐区域积冰指数是一个迅速增大的过程,强积冰区由石河子经呼图壁向乌鲁木齐蔓延,积冰高度随时间下降。     

利用飞机观测报告提高空中颠簸临近预报预警能力

空中颠簸是民航飞行安全较难防范的安全隐患。观测是预报的基础,目前困扰空中颠簸预报的最大瓶颈是缺乏有效的空中颠簸观测手段,利用飞机观测报告有助于提高空中颠簸的预警预报能力。     

RFID技术在民航领域的应用与展望

射频识别技术(RFID)能够快速、实时、准确、无接触地采集物品信息。随着我国航空业的高速发展,其生产、管理的信息化要求越来越高,RFID技术也开始快速应用于民用航空领域中的飞机部件维修、行李管理等方面。本文简要介绍了RFID在民用航空中的应用状况以及RFID在民用航空中应用会遇到的困难和挑战,提出了相应的解决办法。     

结构形式及成型方案对飞机复材结构的外形精度影响分析

与金属相比复合材料板件的厚度偏差较大,这一弱点对保证飞机装配精度非常不利。本文针对三种典型结构形式,计算了各结构形式采用不同成型方案的外形偏差值,通过对比分析,从保证飞机外形面精度的角度提出了应选择的成型方案。     

基于可靠性的飞机风挡抗鸟撞优化设计

传统的飞机风挡设计通常在确定的工况下进行,未能充分考虑实际鸟撞风挡过程中不确定性因素的影响,导致飞机鸟撞风挡的故障多发。综合考虑鸟撞飞机风挡过程中鸟体材料参数、质量、撞击速度等不确定因素的影响,以飞机风挡抗鸟撞的可靠度为约束,风挡质量为目标,基于双循环方法和近似技术建立了风挡抗鸟撞可靠性优化设计系统,利用一阶矩法进行可靠性分析,对某飞机风挡进行了基于可靠性的优化设计。实例分析证明所建风挡抗鸟撞可靠性优化设计系统可行有效。     

民用客机研制阶段签派可靠度分配和预计

讨论了民用飞机航班延误的主要原因,着重分析了因技术原因导致航班延误和取消的三类设备,并结合飞机的构型和主最低设备清单(建议书)(P)MMEL给出了在民用客机研制阶段签派可靠度的分配和预计的初步模型和计算方法,为签派可靠度的定量分配与预计以及设计构型方案的改进和权衡提供指导。