基于滑动时窗策略自适应优化支持向量机的航空发动机性能参数在线预测

针对传统航空发动机性能参数时间序列预测方法存在的不足,提出了基于滑动时窗策略自适应优化支持向量机(Support Vector Machine,SVM)在线预测模型。该方法解决了训练样本动态适应性差的特点和老旧数据信息影响预测模型精度的问题。在该方法中,滑动时窗策略实时更新时窗数据训练样本,最终误差预报准则(Final Prediction Error,FPE)自适应地确定嵌入维数,遗传算法(Genetic Algorithm,GA)则实时自适应优化SVM建模参数。应用航空发动机排气温度偏差值(Delta Exhaust Gas Temperature,DEGT)数据进行实例验证,结果表明基于滑动时窗策略的自适应GA优化的SVM (GASVM)在线预测模型比传统的GASVM预测模型预测精度有显著提高。进一步分析了预测模型不同时窗宽度对短期预测精度的影响,展示了1步～10步预测的效果,结果表明在线预测模型在不同时窗宽度下短中期(5步以内)预测效果良好且稳定。文中提出的在线预测模型可用于航空发动机性能参数的预测,实现对航空发动机未来性能变化的预警。     

相变光盘多层膜系结构的最佳光匹配研究

论述了相变光盘最佳膜系结构的设计。采用导纳矩阵法计算膜系的能量反射率，用量优化计算方法编程计算，提出了第二大极值解作为在工艺上可行的实用光盘的膜系结构，并按这种膜系结构制作样品，其擦写循环数达１００万次上。     

Leakage performance of floating ring seal in cold/hot state for aero-engine

Rotating experimental investigations were carried out to study the oil sealing capability of two different floating ring seals in cold/hot state for aero-engine. High-speed Floating Ring Seal(HFRS) is a seal with the inner diameter of 83.72 mm and maximum speed of 38000 r/min, and Low-speed Floating Ring Seal(LFRS) is another seal with the inner diameter of 40.01 mm and maximum speed of 18000 r/min. In hot state, sealing air with the temperature of 371 K and oil with the temperature of 343 K was employed to model the working conditions of an aero-engine. Comparisons between floating ring seal and labyrinth seal were done to inspect the leakage performance.More attention was paid to the critical pressure ratio where the oil leakage began. Results show that the critical pressure ratio in cold state is obviously larger than that in hot state for both seals. An underlying sealing mechanism for floating ring seal is clarified by the fluid film, which closely associates with the dimensionless parameter of clearance over rotating diameter(2 c/Dr). Another fantastic phenomenon is that the leakage coefficient in hot state, not the leakage magnitude, is unexpectedly larger than that in cold state. Overall, the leakage performance of the floating ring seal is better than the labyrinth seal.     

Numerical study on flow fields and aerodynamics of tilt rotor aircraft in conversion mode based on embedded grid and actuator model

A method combining rotor actuator disk model and embedded grid technique is presented in this paper, aimed at predicting the flow fields and aerodynamic characteristics of tilt rotor aircraft in conversion mode more efficiently and effectively. In this method, rotor's influence is considered in terms of the momentum it impacts to the fluid around it; transformation matrixes among different coordinate systems are deduced to extend actuator method's utility to conversion mode flow fields' calculation. Meanwhile, an embedded grid system is designed, in which grids generated around fuselage and actuator disk are regarded as background grid and minor grid respectively, and a new method is presented for ‘donor searching' and ‘hole cutting' during grid assembling. Based on the above methods, flow fields of tilt rotor aircraft in conversion mode are simulated, with threedimensional Navier–Stokes equations discretized by a second-order upwind finite-volume scheme and an implicit lower–upper symmetric Gauss–Seidel(LU-SGS) time-stepping scheme. Numerical results demonstrate that the proposed CFD method is very effective in simulating the conversion mode flow fields of tilt rotor aircraft.     

冲击射流的彩虹纹影实验研究

超声速冲击射流在短距、垂直起降飞行器（S/VTOL）以及火箭发射等方面应用广泛,但是伴随着流场与噪声等诸多方面的问题。要研究这一类问题,必先研究这一类超声速流动的波系结构。文章利用彩虹纹影测量系统,对不同距离不同压比的冲击射流进行实验研究,得到了清晰的彩虹纹影实验结果,细致地呈现了冲击射流的波系结构。基于实验结果,对三种不同结构的冲击射流的波系结构进行了详细分析。发现喷嘴与挡板距离较大时,形成的射流结构与自由射流相似,壁面附近的射流区域不明显。随着距离减小,冲击射流出现壁面冲击区附近射流比较剧烈的现象。距离进一步减小时,出现滞止泡等结构,滞止泡的形状与压比相关。此外,实验表明冲击射流形成的马赫盘大小、形状与来流压比相关。     

一级旋流强度对双旋流杯下游油气分布的影响

为了改善双旋流杯点火性能,需要优化其下游的流场和油雾场。利用激光粒子动态分析技术(PDA)测量基准双旋流杯下游的流场和油雾场,据此提出一级旋流器旋流数仅增大6.7%,但切向动量矩减小44%的改进方案,并进行了流场和油雾场对比试验。试验结果表明:减小双旋流杯一级旋流切向动量矩会使旋流杯下游流场结构发生较大变化,使其从收扩型转变为扩张型,同时减小油雾的索太尔平均直径(SMD);当与旋流杯出口距离超过2.5倍文氏管喉道直径时,流场输运和油滴蒸发作用增强,使得油雾分布更加均匀,燃油SMD更小。在航空发动机燃烧室双旋流杯设计中,不仅要考虑传统的旋流数概念,还应考虑各级切向动量矩的综合影响作用。     

The ‘soot line’: Destruction of presolar polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in the terrestrial planet-forming region of disks

Interstellar material is highly processed when subjected to the physical conditions that prevail in the inner regions of protoplanetary disks, the potential birthplace of habitable planets. Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) are abundant in the interstellar medium, and they have also been observed in the disks around young stars, with evidence for some modification in the latter. Using a chemical model developed for sooting flames, we have investigated the chemical evolution of PAHs in warm (1000–2000 K) and oxygen-rich (C/O < 1) conditions appropriate for the region where habitable planets may eventually form. Our study focuses on (1) delineating the conditions under which PAHs will react and (2) identifying the key reaction pathways and reaction products characterizing this chemical evolution. We find that reactions with H, OH and O are the main pathways for destroying PAHs over disk timescale at temperatures greater than about 1000 K. In the process, high abundances of C₂H₂ persist over long timescales due to the kinetic inhibition of reactions that eventually drive the carbon into CO, CO₂ and CH₄. The thermal destruction of PAHs may thus be the cause of the abundant C₂H₂ that has been observed in disks. We propose that protoplanetary disks have a ‘soot line’, within which PAHs are irreversibly destroyed via thermally-driven reactions. The soot line will play an important role, analogous to that of the ‘snow line’, in the bulk carbon content of meteorites and habitable planets.     

Growth of hydrodynamic perturbations in accretion disks: Possible route to non-magnetic turbulence

We study the possible origin of hydrodynamic turbulence in cold accretion disks such as those in star-forming systems and quiescent cataclysmic variables. As these systems are expected to have neutral gas, the turbulent viscosity is likely to be hydrodynamic in origin, not magnetohydrodynamic. Therefore, MRI will be sluggish or even absent in such disks. Although there are no exponentially growing eigenmodes in a hydrodynamic disk because of the non-normal nature of the eigenmodes, a large transient growth in the energy is still possible, which may enable the system to switch to a turbulent state. For a Keplerian disk, we estimate that the energy will grow by a factor of 1000 for a Reynolds number close to a million.     

先进航空发动机涡轮盘合金及涡轮盘制造

涡轮盘是航空发动机的心脏.涡轮盘的可靠性主要取决于其坯件的冶金质量,涡轮盘的完整性、均匀性和性能水平,还取决于所用合金及其坯件的热加工和热处理工艺的优化.本文对先进涡轮盘坯件,即纯洁、均匀、细晶组织的高温合金坯件制备三种工艺,以及涡轮盘零件锻压成形技术进行综合评述.     

低排放燃烧室NO_x排放试验及预测方法研究

为了研究中心分级贫油低排放燃烧室的排放特性和排放预测方法,针对一个低排放头部方案,在单头部燃烧室试验件上,在不同的温度、压力、油气比、供油模式和分级比条件下,测量其排放性能。以Lefebvre排放经验预测公式为基础,采用经验分析方法拟合排放试验数据,归纳出适用于本头部方案的排放预测公式。表征预测好坏的判定系数R2在小工况下和大工况下分别为0.95和0.93,表明预测结果与试验结果符合度较好。小工况和大工况排放特性不同,对仅预燃级喷油的小工况工作模式,NO_x排放主要受化学恰当燃烧温度和预燃级局部当量比的影响;对预燃级和主燃级同时喷油的大工况工作模式,NO_x排放主要受燃烧区温度和主燃级燃油比例的影响。