一种面向绿色高效的数控铣削参数优化方法

针对数控切削加工过程的高效绿色发展要求,基于数控机床主传动系统能耗模型,以最小单位切削能耗作为优化目标,建立了铣削加工优化模型,进一步采用人工鱼群算法对目标函数求解。通过铣削加工实例对铣削加工优化模型进行验证,并将优化后的参数与切削手册的经验参数及取得最大材料去除率的参数相比,发现单位切削能耗分别减少12.7%和13.8%。研究表明,所提出的切削参数优化模型能有效提高加工过程的能效,可为后续铣削加工过程切削参数选择提供参考。     

多斜孔冷却火焰筒燃烧性能试验研究

为了保证高温升燃烧室火焰筒壁温,进行了多斜孔冷却火焰筒燃烧性能试验.通过对多斜孔冷却火焰筒和常规气膜冷却火焰筒的试验对比,研究了多斜孔冷却火焰筒的燃烧性能.研究结果表明:与常规气膜冷却火焰筒相比,多斜孔冷却火焰筒具有冷却空气量少、火焰筒壁温低和温度梯度小等优点;采用了多斜孔冷却方式的火焰筒,其温度场、燃烧效率、火焰筒壁温和慢车贫油熄火油气特性等燃烧性能均达到或超过了常规气膜冷却火焰筒的水平.     

多级波瓣引射混合器气动性能数值研究

通过三维CFD计算,研究了在特定混合管长径比和截面比下,单、双级波瓣引射混合器性能随基本结构参数变化的规律和差异.研究结果表明:双级波瓣引射混合器的引射系数随波瓣扩张角和主流速度的增加而增加,双级波瓣引射混合器的第1级引射系数要高于单级波瓣引射混合器,且总引射系数比单级波瓣引射混合器高出100%;主流流速增加,流向涡强度和速度环量相应增大;单级波瓣引射混合器沿程流向涡峰值强度不断减弱,但速度环量先增加后减小;双级波瓣引射混合器沿程流向涡强度和速度环量则同时逐渐减小,且在1级引射中减小速度要快些;由于主流速度增加或扩张角增大造成的主流过早附壁使得热混合效率减小;尽管双级波瓣引射混合器混合管内热混合效率增加放缓,但与单级波瓣引射混合器相比,混合管出口处热混合效率还是有6%的增加.      

燃烧室长度对固体燃料超燃冲压发动机燃烧室性能的影响

基于国外研究者完成的固体燃料超燃冲压发动机的实验数据,通过分别改变燃烧室等直段长度和扩张段长度,对不同总长的燃烧室工作过程进行数值模拟.采用基于压力的2阶迎风差分数值方法,物理模型为轴对称结构,燃烧模型采用有限速率/涡耗散模型(finite-rate/eddy-dissipation),湍流模型采用SST(shear stress transport) k-ω模型.聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯(PMMA)燃料进口边界由用户自定义函数的方式给定,分别分析了不同长度,即不同等直段长度或扩张段长度下超燃冲压发动机燃烧室内流场特性及其性能变化.结果表明:随着等直段长度的增大,燃烧室出口处燃烧效率逐渐减小,从72.74%降低至66.81%,而燃烧室内总压损失逐渐减小,燃烧室推力逐渐增大,可由85.83N增加至108.55N;改变扩张段长度,发现扩长段长度变化对燃烧室流场结构的影响较小,随着扩张段长度的增大,燃烧室出口燃烧效率和燃烧室推力都略微减小.在燃烧室长度的设计范围内,增大等直段的长度要比增大扩张段长度对提升燃烧室各项性能有帮助.      

气膜孔排布对排气系统中心锥冷却和红外辐射特性的影响

运用计算流体力学/红外辐射(CFD/IR)的数值模拟方法,以涡扇发动机排气系统为原型,对中心锥表面气膜冷却方案进行了数值研究,并揭示了中心锥冷却对红外辐射特征的作用效果.研究表明:气膜冷却中心锥可有效降低中心锥表面的温度,抑制排气系统在0°~15°范围内的红外辐射.在所研究的诸多方案中,与无冷却的涡扇排气系统相比,中心锥表面温度可以降低282K,0°方向上可降低总体红外辐射约57%.      

发动机舱内部传热和蒙皮的降温规律

建立了简化的发动机舱物理模型,对通风冷却和辐射遮挡的蒙皮降温效果进行了数值模拟和实验研究,并对发动机舱内部传热规律进行了分析.结果表明:数值计算得到的发动机舱蒙皮表面沿程分布与实验结果吻合良好.在加热壁面分段的热边界条件下,无辐射遮挡且无通风时蒙皮内侧表面接受的热流占热壁面加热热流的比值约为78%,当发动机舱通风速度达到1m/s时该比值降至20%;当通风速度从0m/s增大至3.5m/s时,发动机舱蒙皮峰值温度的降幅约为10%;无通风条件下有辐射遮挡的蒙皮峰值温度相对于无辐射遮挡的情形降幅约为6%;在通风冷却和辐射遮挡的综合作用下,蒙皮峰值温度相对于无通风且无辐射遮挡的基准状况可降低约50K,相对降幅约为14%.      

涡轮转子叶片异型气膜孔冷却数值研究

采用数值模拟的方法,研究了发动机工作条件下涡轮转子叶片压力面异型气膜孔的冷却特性,分析了吹风比和旋转雷诺数对气膜冷却的影响.结果表明:旋转条件下,气膜射流受离心力和哥氏力作用朝叶尖方向发生偏转,射流涡结构发生改变;随着旋转雷诺数增大,气膜射流向叶尖的偏转量逐渐增加,展向冷却均匀性提高,展向平均冷却效率略有提升;同一转速下扇形孔和收敛缝型孔能有效抑制气膜分离,展向平均冷却效率沿下游单调变化,随吹风比增加而升高,吹风比越小气膜射流向叶尖偏转越明显;旋转条件下,扇形孔与收敛缝型孔射流较圆孔射流仍有明显的冷却优势.      

Invariant and energy analysis of an axially retracting beam

The mechanism of a retracting cantilevered beam has been investigated by the invariant and energy-based analysis. The time-varying parameter partial differential equation governing the transverse vibrations of a beam with retracting motion is derived based on the momentum theorem. The assumed-mode method is used to truncate the governing partial differential equation into a set of ordinary differential equations (ODEs) with time-dependent coefficients. It is found that if the order of truncation is not less than the order of the initial conditions, the assumed-mode method can yield accurate results. The energy transfers among assumed modes are discussed during retrac-tion. The total energy varying with time has been investigated by numerical and analytical methods, and the results have good agreement with each other. For the transverse vibrations of the axially retracting beam, the adiabatic invariant is derived by both the averaging method and the Bessel function method.     

Ground experimental investigations into an ejected spray cooling system for space closed-loop application

Spray cooling has proved its superior heat transfer performance in removing high heat flux for ground applications.However,the dissipation of vapor–liquid mixture from the heat surface and the closed-loop circulation of the coolant are two challenges in reduced or zero gravity space environments.In this paper,an ejected spray cooling system for space closed-loop application was proposed and the negative pressure in the ejected condenser chamber was applied to sucking the two-phase mixture from the spray chamber.Its ground experimental setup was built and experimental investigations on the smooth circle heat surface with a diameter of 5 mm were conducted with distilled water as the coolant spraying from a nozzle of 0.51 mm orifice diameter at the inlet temperatures of 69.2 °C and 78.2 °C under the conditions of heat flux ranging from 69.76 W/cm~2 to 311.45 W/cm~2,volume flow through the spray nozzle varying from 11.22 L/h to 15.76 L/h.Work performance of the spray nozzle and heat transfer performance of the spray cooling system were analyzed;results show that this ejected spray cooling system has a good heat transfer performance and provides valid foundation for space closed-loop application in the near future.     

Experimental investigation of the full coverage film cooling effectiveness of a turbine blade with shaped holes

The film cooling effectiveness of two turbine blades at different turbulence intensities(0.62% and 16.00%) and mass flux ratios(2.91%, 5.82%, 8.73% and 11.63%) is studied by using the Pressure-Sensitive Paint(PSP) measurement technique. There are a baseline and an improved turbine blade in current work, and their film cooling hole position distribution is the same. But the hole shape on suction surface and pressure surface is changed from cylindrical hole(baseline)to laid-back fan-shaped hole(im...