月球探测技术--探测初期测控通信系统

介绍了国外月球探测测控通信系统的发展和现状。在分析我国现有统一S波段(USB)测控通信网和天文甚长基线干涉仪(VLBI)对探测器测控通信支持能力的基础上,提出了利用现有条件实现测控通信的解决方案。比较和分析表明,采用有源天馈网络的实现简单且技术成熟可靠,是一个较优的方案。     

扩展近似时间最优伺服控制及其试验验证

针对带有惯性阻尼环节的典型伺服系统,提出一种能实现大范围快速定点运动的控制方案。控制方案首先利用时间最优控制律进行快速目标追踪,当系统速度下降到一定范围内时平滑切换成线性控制律。采用线性控制区内的闭环极点阻尼系统和自然频率作为设计参数,给出了全参数化的控制律。基于Lyapunov理论分析了控制系统的闭环稳定性。将该控制方案用于一个直流伺服电机的位置-速度环的定点位置控制,并进行了MATLAB数字仿真和基于TMS320F28335 DSC的试验研究。结果表明:所设计的控制系统可以对大范围的给定目标进行快速和准确的跟踪,且对扰动和系统参数差异具有较好的鲁棒性。     

轴向间距对转子叶片颤振特性的影响机理

使用自行开发的非定常流固耦合数值模拟程序,研究了上游叶排影响转子叶片颤振特性的机理,采用影响系数法分析轴向间距影响转子气动弹性稳定性的规律。结果表明:在协调叶栅中,叶片吸力面相邻的叶片振动对转子叶片气动阻尼的大小起决定性作用,其影响甚至超过振动叶片本身的影响;多排环境中,导叶（IGV）对转子叶片气动阻尼最小值的影响最大,并使其对应的节径增大;相邻叶片振动引起的通道变化抑制了导叶对非定常压力波的反射作用;随着轴向间距的减小,导叶对非定常压力波的反射作用减弱了非定常压力波的周向衰减,从而增大了叶片振动的非定常影响范围;在多排环境中使用影响系数法需要测量更多的叶片才能得到较为准确的气动阻尼。      

航天器贮箱变质量流固耦合系统的动力学响应

研究了航天器贮箱变质量流固耦合系统的动力学特性.根据虚拟质量法(VMM),结合边界元法和有限元法构建了系统的动力学模型,建模过程中着重考虑了质量变化对系统的动态影响.通过Newmark直接积分法计算出贮箱变质量系统的振动响应.结果表明:由于系统质量减少,引起了系统振动频率的增大,并产生一个附加负阻尼.系统的振动频率的范围可以通过系统质量的范围确定.变质量引起的附加负阻尼的大小与系统的质量变化率成正比.对于系统的横向振动,质量减少引起的附加负阻尼在整个过程对系统振动的影响比较稳定,对于系统的纵向振动,质量减少引起的附加负阻尼对系统振动的影响随时间的增加而增大.      

基于滑窗包络线法辨识复合圆柱壳结构的模态阻尼

由于复合圆柱壳阻尼机理的复杂性,目前还没有通用而有效的方法辨识该类结构的模态阻尼,因此提出一种基于滑窗包络线法的模态阻尼测试方法.首先,详细说明了滑窗包络线法测试复合圆柱壳阻尼的原理和总体思路;然后,提出了具体的测试复合圆柱壳结构模态阻尼的流程;最后,以局部涂敷约束层阻尼材料的复合圆柱壳为研究对象,对其阻尼特性进行了测试,并讨论了激励幅度对模态阻尼的影响.测试结果表明,所提出的方法获得的前5阶阻尼结果对应的方差最大不超过0.02%,具有较好的可重复性,从而确保具有较高的测试精度.      

对一种利用人造粉尘清除空间碎片新方法的理论分析

近地轨道的空间碎片污染日益严重,目前碎片数量已达到历史最高值并可能引发一系列连锁反应.进行主动碎片清除十分必要.利用粉尘主动清除近地轨道空间碎片是一种主动碎片清除的新方法.本文基于此方法的基本原理进行分析研究,建立了单颗碎片与人造粉尘作用的基本假设和机理模型,并对其作用进行定量计算分析;结合碎片的空间密度分布,对该方法的作用效果进行了定量估算,得出一些基本分析结论,有助于对新方法的客观认识.      

Status of the Hard X-ray Modulation Telescope Project

The Hard X-ray Modulation Telescope (HXMT) is China's first astronomical satellite. It will perform a broad band (1-250keV) scan survey and do pointed observations of X-ray sources to study their spectra and multi-wavelength temporal properties. The pre-flight models of the satellites have been finished, and the flight models are in production. The expected launch date of HXMT is in late 2015.      

Behavior of tethered debris with flexible appendages

Active exploration of the space leads to growth of a near-Earth space pollution. The frequency of the registered collisions of space debris with functional satellites highly increased during last 10 years. As a rule a large space debris can be observed from the Earth and catalogued, then it is possible to avoid collision with the active spacecraft. However every large debris is a potential source of a numerous small debris particles. To reduce debris population in the near Earth space the large debris should be removed from working orbits. The active debris removal technique is considered that intend to use a tethered orbital transfer vehicle, or a space tug attached by a tether to the space debris. This paper focuses on the dynamics of the space debris with flexible appendages. Mathematical model of the system is derived using the Lagrange formalism. Several numerical examples are presented to illustrate the mutual influence of the oscillations of flexible appendages and the oscillations of a tether. It is shown that flexible appendages can have a significant influence on the attitude motion of the space debris and the safety of the transportation process.     

Applications of tuned mass dampers to improve performance of large space mirrors

In order for future imaging spacecraft to meet higher resolution imaging capability, it will be necessary to build large space telescopes with primary mirror diameters that range from 10 m to 20 m and do so with nanometer surface accuracy. Due to launch vehicle mass and volume constraints, these mirrors have to be deployable and lightweight, such as segmented mirrors using active optics to correct mirror surfaces with closed loop control. As a part of this work, system identification tests revealed that dynamic disturbances inherent in a laboratory environment are significant enough to degrade the optical performance of the telescope. Research was performed at the Naval Postgraduate School to identify the vibration modes most affecting the optical performance and evaluate different techniques to increase damping of those modes. Based on this work, tuned mass dampers (TMDs) were selected because of their simplicity in implementation and effectiveness in targeting specific modes. The selected damping mechanism was an eddy current damper where the damping and frequency of the damper could be easily changed. System identification of segments was performed to derive TMD specifications. Several configurations of the damper were evaluated, including the number and placement of TMDs, damping constant, and targeted structural modes. The final configuration consisted of two dampers located at the edge of each segment and resulted in 80% reduction in vibrations. The WFE for the system without dampers was 1.5 waves, with one TMD the WFE was 0.9 waves, and with two TMDs the WFE was 0.25 waves. This paper provides details of some of the work done in this area and includes theoretical predictions for optimum damping which were experimentally verified on a large aperture segmented system.