高性能玻璃钢内衬的研制

本文介绍了用８％－１０％ＣＴＢＮ改性酚醛；高硅复合材料研制的固体发动机长尾喷管内衬的性能及发动机试车结果。     

Acoustic measurements of models of military style supersonic nozzle jets

Modern military aircraft jet engines are designed with variable-geometry nozzles to provide optimal thrust in different operating conditions, depending on the flight envelope. How- ever, acoustic measurements for such nozzles are scarce, due to the cost involved in making full- scale measurements and the lack of details about the exact geometries of these nozzles. Thus the present effort at Pennsylvania State University （PSU） in partnership with GE Aviation and the NASA Glenn Research Center is aiming to study and characterize the acoustic field produced by supersonic jets issuing from converging-diverging military style nozzles, and to identify and test promising noise reduction techniques. An equally important objective is to develop methodology for using data obtained from small- and moderate-scale experiments to reliably predict the full-scale engine noise. The experimental results presented show reasonable agreement between small-scale and medium-scale jets, as well as between heated jets and heat-simulated ones.     

固体火箭发动机衬层与药柱脱粘高能X射线检测技术

衬层与药柱脱粘严重影响固体火箭发动机的结构完整性和工作安全性,该缺陷的可靠检测至关重要。文章综述了固体火箭发动机高能X射线检测技术现状。基于射线照相检测和工业CT检测手段,评述了固体火箭发动机衬层与药柱脱粘的图像分析和缺陷评判技术。针对该类缺陷,提出了综合应用射线照相技术和工业CT技术进行印证检测的方法,评判结果表明能够满足缺陷检测的可靠性与准确性要求。     

空间推进系统用铝内衬PBO 纤维缠绕高压气瓶的研制

以空间推进系统用高压复合材料气瓶的开发为背景,开展了PBO纤维的应用研究。分别对PBO/D-3和PBO/D-8复合材料力学性能进行了测试,获得了性能最佳的复合材料配方体系。在此基础上,将PBO复合材料用于空间推进系统用铝内衬复合材料高压气瓶,开展了2.4 L铝内衬高压气瓶的研制。结果表明:PBO(HM)/D-8复合材料力学性能最佳,其拉伸强度与NOL层间剪切强度分别高达1 397 MPa和20.2MPa,采用其缠绕的复合材料气瓶结构系数高达64.5 km。     

微通道传热用于火焰筒壁面冷却的性能

对微通道传热应用于航空发动机火焰筒冷却进行了探索。构造了简单微通道模型,其上下平面分别代表火焰筒内外壁面;用工程方法计算火焰筒壁面的热环境作为计算模型的边界条件,以Fluent为工具模拟微通道换热结构的冷却性能;涉及两种长径比(20,40)和三种火焰筒压降(2.0%,2.5%,3.0%)。结果表明,含有微通道换热结构的火焰筒,能以较少的冷却气量维持较低的壁面温度;冷却气流吸热后升温明显,冷量利用率可达40%;冷却气量受长径比影响显著,受火焰筒压降影响不大;火焰筒壁面沿流向的温度梯度非常大。     

Experimental study of rotor blades vibration and noise in multistage high pressure compressor and their relevance

Rotor blades fault of aeroengine compressor is mostly caused by mechanical and aerodynamic excitation. And the excitation factor of high intensity sound wave to rotor blades should not be ignored. Experimental researches are conducted on a multistage high pressure compressor. When high level vibration occurs on the first stage of rotor blades, the noise spectrum presents typical characteristic for discrete multi-tone in the compressor. The amplitude of blade vibration displacement and the sound pressure level of characteristic frequency noise increases and decreases simultaneously and reaches the maximum value at the same time. This frequency merely occur on a certain speed range and is locked in a specific range which presents no variation with the rotating speed. When high level vibration occurs on the first stage of rotor blades, the noise spectrum presents a sharp peak and the propagation state of the characteristic frequency is a helix structure in the compressor. It can be confirmed that acoustic resonance occurs in the multistage compressor. The acoustic resonance frequency and its side band frequencies are generated by modulation of a rotating noise source at the rotor speed which is the excitation source of the rotor blades vibration.     

Efficient prediction of ground noise from helicopters and parametric studies based on acoustic mapping

Based on the acoustic mapping, a prediction model for the ground noise radiated from an in-flight helicopter is established. For the enhancement of calculation efficiency, a high-efficiency second-level acoustic radiation model capable of taking the influence of atmosphere absorption on noise into account is first developed by the combination of the point-source idea and the rotor noise radiation characteristics. The comparison between the present model and the direct computation method of noise is done and the high efficiency of the model is validated. Rotor free-wake analysis method and Ffowcs Williams-Hawkings (FW-H) equation are applied to the aerodynamics and noise prediction in the present model. Secondly, a database of noise spheres with the characteristic parameters of advance ratio and tip-path-plane angle is established by the helicopter trim model together with a parametric modeling approach. Furthermore, based on acoustic mapping, a method of rapid simulation for the ground noise radiated from an in-flight helicopter is developed. The noise footprint for AH-1 rotor is then calculated and the influence of some parameters including advance ratio and flight path angle on ground noise is deeply analyzed using the developed model. The results suggest that with the increase of advance ratio and flight path angle, the peak noise levels on the ground first increase and then decrease, in the meantime, the maximum Sound Exposure Level (SEL) noise on the ground shifts toward the advancing side of rotor. Besides, through the analysis of the effects of longitudinal forces on miss-distance and rotor Blade-Vortex Interaction (BVI) noise in descent flight, some meaningful results for reducing the BVI noise on the ground are obtained.     

推进动力系统燃烧不稳定性产生的机理、预测及控制方法

在不稳定热释放和声波相互耦合作用下而产生的燃烧不稳定现象,表现为振荡燃烧的形式,常发生于火箭发动机、航空发动机加力燃烧室以及地面燃气轮机等装置当中,会对结构引起很严重的破坏。本文总结了当前关于燃烧不稳定问题的机理以及控制方法的研究进展。目前来看,关于燃烧不稳定的机理研究方面,包含实验研究以及数值方法研究。实验方面,有rijketube热声不稳定实验,还有模拟真实燃烧室环境的燃烧实验。数值方面的工作,包括线化的热声不稳定模型,以及对火焰进行描述的解析模型和大涡模拟等方面的工作。同时,人们尝试了各种抑制不稳定的方法。控制方法包含两大类,即:主动控制方法以及被动控制方法。主动控制方法在理论研究方面取得了重大成果,然而,由于其实现上需要复杂响应系统、执行机构,因此,距离实际工程应用还很遥远。而被动控制方法,例如,亥姆赫兹共振腔,以及穿孔板等装置,在工程上得到了很好的应用。     

快速声散射方法在变截面管道中的应用

 快速声散射方法(FSM)是一种基于无流动Helmholtz方程边值问题的声散射预测工具,具有快速、灵活的特点.以航空发动机消声短舱的声学设计为背景,用该方法对变截面管道声传播特性进行数值模拟研究,用直接边界元方法(DBEM)进行数值求解,避免了求解管口反射系数,有效地提高了计算速度.数值研究了刚性壁面和不同位置壁面声衬组合对变截面圆环管道形状声传播的影响,并分析了管道厚度对散射声场的影响,数值结果与声类比方法结果进行了相互验证.最后,还对一种真实转子声源进行了管道声散射的数值研究,结果表明本方法在航空发动机声学设计中具有工程应用价值.     

火焰筒压力损失对点火特性的影响

以3.0%火焰筒压力损失火焰筒作为基准,分别设计了2.5%和2.0%火焰筒压力损失的火焰筒,通过试验研究火焰筒压力损失对地面起动点火性能的影响,对火焰筒内部流场进行数值模拟.在火焰筒压力降3.0%以内的空气条件下,3种方案贫油点火边界基本一致,低压力损失火焰筒能够在更宽的压力降条件下点燃,2.5%方案的综合点火性能最好.结合数值模拟结果:压力损失降低至2.0%,流场结构与基准方案有较大的区别,对燃烧室的性能开始产生不利影响,2.5%方案与基准方案流场结构较为接近,定量的变化对燃烧室的性能影响是有益的.