A fast pulse phase estimation method for X-ray pulsar signals based on epoch folding

X-ray pulsar-based navigation (XPNAV) is an attractive method for autonomous deep-space navigation in the future. The pulse phase estimation is a key task in XPNAV and its accuracy directly determines the navigation accuracy. State-of-the-art pulse phase estimation techniques either suffer from poor estimation accuracy, or involve the maximization of generally non-convex object function, thus resulting in a large computational cost. In this paper, a fast pulse phase estimation method based on epoch folding is presented. The statistical properties of the observed profile obtained through epoch folding are developed. Based on this, we recognize the joint prob-ability distribution of the observed profile as the likelihood function and utilize a fast Fourier transform-based procedure to estimate the pulse phase. Computational complexity of the proposed estimator is analyzed as well. Experimental results show that the proposed estimator significantly outperforms the currently used cross-correlation (CC) and nonlinear least squares (NLS) estima-tors, while significantly reduces the computational complexity compared with NLS and maximum likelihood (ML) estimators.     

美军用机载GNSS多模接收机技术要求及标准体系

文摘:多模接收机(MMR)是顶级飞行航线的一部分,致力于为通信、导航、监视(CNS)提供全方位的解决方案,新的星基系统(如GNSS)给今天的飞机提供了前所未有的高精度导航与着陆能力。分析美国空军采购机载多模接收机的技术要求,研究并构建机载多模接收机的功能架构和标准体系,明确相应的标准来源和清单,可为我国军用、民用机载多模接收机的研制和相关标准的制定提供最为直接的借鉴与参考。     

非恒定增压式微尺度拉瓦尔喷管流动特性

针对微尺度喷流在航天器运动状态切换时出现的非恒定增压变化,采用直接模拟蒙特卡洛(DSMC)方法对阶跃式增压和线性式增压两种模式下的微尺度拉瓦尔喷管流场进行了模拟,并对其变化过程中的流动特性进行了对比分析。结果显示：阶跃式增压会导致流动特性出现较大幅值的峰谷式波动,而线性式增压下的流动特性则呈现出线性变化的特点;黏性力对微尺度喷流的非恒定增压变化产生了重要的黏滞作用,在喉部扩张段至出口的流场中尤为明显;在设定的条件下,阶跃式增压过程中喷流产生的总冲量较线性式增压高59.5%,质量流量高74.7%,单位工质提供的冲量低约8.6%,波动性也高于线性式模型,阶跃式增压适用于系统需要较大推力改变运动状态且推进剂充足的情况,而线性式增压在系统精确微调或需要推进剂产生更高效能时具有明显的优势。     

孔子儒家的学习精神

孔子儒家主张学习与做人是一致的。"学而时习之"是孔子儒家学习精神的总纲,可以用自强不息、厚德载物总括之,分而言之则是十大学习精神:谋道不谋食,虚心敬慎,实事求是,坚韧不拔、积极向上,严己宽人,学为己,学以致用,仁民爱物,乐观自信,终身学习提高。     

Prediction of shock-layer ultraviolet radiation for hypersonic vehicles in near space

A systemic and validated model was developed to predict ultraviolet spectra features from the shock layer of near-space hypersonic vehicles in the ‘‘solar blind" band region. Computational procedures were performed with 7-species thermal non-equilibrium fluid mechanics, finite rate chemistry, and radiation calculations. The thermal non-equilibrium flow field was calculated with a two-temperature model by the finite volume technique and verified against the bow-shock ultra-violet(BSUV) flight experiments. The absorption coefficient of the mixture gases was evaluated with a line-by-line method and validated through laboratory shock tube measurements. Using the line of sight(LOS) method, radiation was calculated from three BSUV flights at altitudes of 38,53.5 and 71 km. The investigation focused on the level and structure of ultraviolet spectra radiated from a NO band system in wavelengths of 200–400 nm. Results predicted by the current model show qualitative spatial agreement with the measured data. At a velocity of 3.5 km/s(about Mach11), the peak absolute intensity at an altitude of 38 km is two orders of magnitude higher than that at 53.5 km. Under the same flight conditions, the spectra structures have quite a similar distribution at different viewing angles. The present computational model performs well in the prediction of the ultraviolet spectra emitted from the shock layer and will contribute to the investigation and analysis of radiative features of hypersonic vehicles in near space.     

基于高分辨率网络的单声道歌声分离

单声道歌声分离是指将单声道歌曲中的伴奏和歌声分离，在旋律提取、歌词识别、卡拉OK伴奏等方面有重要应用。针对当前时频谱图预测精度受限的问题，利用高分辨率网络具有并行结构及特征充分交互提高模型性能的优势，提出基于高分辨率网络的单声道歌声分离算法。设计并构建适合单声道歌声分离的高分辨率网络，输入歌曲的时频谱图到网络，得到预测的伴奏和歌声时频谱图。结合歌曲相位进行重构，得到伴奏和歌声的时域信号。实验表明，在公开数据集MIR-1K上，所提算法的SNR、SIR、SAR指标均优于当前代表性算法，提高了分离后伴奏和歌声的质量。      

华航大学生学习的现状

大学阶段是学生学习专业知识的开始,是掌握一技之长的重要时期。由于大学生的学习相对独立、内容多、进度快,而且学习与就业息息相关,所以需要学校认真研究大学生的学习,了解大学生学习中存在的问题,给予相应的指导。     

FPGA设计中的亚稳态问题及其预防方法研究

由于在复杂FPGA（Field Programmable Gate Array,现场可编程门阵列）设计中存在跨时钟域,通常会产生亚稳态现象.为有效地预防和解决该问题,分析FPGA设计中亚稳态的产生机理及其对数字信号处理系统的影响.根据不同的信号同步类型,针对单比特电平信号、脉冲信号和边沿信号,分别给出基于触发器级联的跨时钟域信号同步方法;针对并行信号,提出基于异步FIFO （First In First Out,先进先出队列）和握手协议的跨时钟域同步方法;并通过仿真手段分析信号同步方法的有效性及其适用范围.结果表明：这些方法能够正确有效地完成跨时钟域信号同步,预防可能出现的亚稳态问题,从而提高复杂FPGA设计的可靠性和稳定性.     

基于PWM控制的燃油调节器执行元件匹配特性研究

以基于高频脉宽调制(PWM)控制的发动机燃油调节器计量控制装置为研究对象,通过数学模型理论推导出关键执行元件高速电磁阀、脉冲阻尼活门、缓冲器的主要参数静态匹配方程,并与AMESim仿真结果进行对比,验证了方程的准确性。同时,通过AMESim仿真和工程试验得到计量控制装置平衡占空比为50%时的动态匹配特性。为工程实践中航空发动机燃油调节器计量控制模块的设计及故障分析提供了理论依据,具有一定的工程应用参考价值。     

基于半跨模式波的铝合金板底面缺陷TOFD检测

采用超声衍射时差法（TOFD）检测铝合金板底面缺陷时，受直通波脉冲宽度影响存在近表面盲区。提出了TOFD半跨模式波法进行盲区抑制，利用一次底面反射波在缺陷端点处衍射波的特征及其在B扫查图像中的对称性推导底面缺陷定深公式。仿真和实验结果表明，对于厚度为7.0 mm的铝合金板，在探头中心距为40 mm、中心频率为10 MHz的检测条件下TOFD半跨模式波法能将近表面盲区抑制64%以上，且深度不小于2.0 mm底面缺陷的定位误差不超过6.32%。与模式转换波及TOFD-W波相比，半跨模式波不会与底波混叠且离直通波较近，在铝合金板底面缺陷检测中适用性较强。