Influence of propulsion efficiency on contrail formation

Aircraft cause contrails when flying in an atmosphere colder than a threshold temperature which depends on the overall efficiency η of propulsion of the aircraft/engine combination. Higher η causes contrails at higher ambient temperatures and over a larger range of flight altitudes. The ratio of temperature increase relative to moisture increase in engine plumes is lower for engines with higher η . Thermodynamic arguments are given for this fact and measurements and observations are reported which support the validity of the given criterion. The measurements include contrail observations for identified aircraft flying at ambient temperature and humidity conditions measured with high precision in-situ instruments, measurements of the temperature and humidity increases in an aircraft exhaust plume, and an observation of contrail formation behind two different four-engine jet aircraft with different engines flying wing by wing. The observations show that an altitude range exists in which the aircraft with high efficiency causes contrails while the other aircraft with lower efficiency causes none. Aircraft with more efficient propulsion cause contrails more frequently. The climatic impact depends on the relative importance of increased contrail frequency and reduced carbon dioxide emissions for increased efficiency, and on other parameters, and has not yet been quantified.     

导弹控制系统实时视景仿真软件接口设计

实时视景仿真是半实物仿真的重要组成部分,它为人机交流提供了一个形象、同时又较为真实的窗口。论文阐述了如何将基于matlabsimulink环境的导弹数字仿真模型转换为半实物仿真模型,并将半实物仿真下载到dSPACE软硬件平台,并通过MATLAB引擎接口访问和从dSPACE采集导弹飞行仿真过程中的一些特征参数和姿态信号,然后将这些数据传给动画生成设计软件的接口,供动画设计软件调用这些实时数据生成导弹的实时视景飞行动画。     

Sea state parameters retrieval from cross-polarization Gaofen-3 SAR data

Chinese Gaofen-3 (GF-3) synthetic aperture radar (SAR) acquired in wave mode (WV) and quad-polarization stripmap (QPS) mode default operates in quad-polarization (vertical–vertical (VV), vertical-horizontal (VH), horizontal-horizontal (HH) and horizontal-vertical (HV)) modes. To date, more than GF-3 SAR vignettes following about 110 orbits acquired in WV and QPS mode have been recorded during the mission from April 2016 to December 2017. In the vignettes, ocean surface waves signatures, that are wave-look patterns, are visible in cross-polarization (basically VH). These vignettes are collocated with surface sea state parameters simulated from numerical WAVEWATCH-III (WW3) wave model using a 0.1° grid. There are 11,269 matchups available for studying the relation between sea state parameters and SAR-derived parameters in VH-polarization. A well-known empirical CWAVE model, herein renamed as CPCWAVE_GF3, is adopted for sea state parameter retrieval from GF-3 SAR vignettes with the SAR parameters in the cross-polarization channel. The method yielded a significant correlation coefficient (COR) of 0.79 for wave height (SWH) and 0.72 for second-order cross-zero mean wave period (MWP). Validation against 76 moored buoys resulted in a 0.49 m RMSE of SWH with a 0.21 m scatter index (SI) and validation against 71 moored buoys resulted in a 1.01 s RMSE of MWP with a 0.13 s SI. The comparison of SWH with 116 footprints from the altimeter of Jason-2 also shows a 0.46 m RMSE of SWH with a 0.19 m SI. Our work demonstrates the feasibility of wave retrieval from GF-3 SAR using cross-polarization channels parameters.     

Experimental study of an insert and its influence on churning losses in a high-speed electro-hydrostatic actuator pump of an aircraft

The speed of an Electro-Hydrostatic Actuator (EHA) pump can recently reach 20000 r/min, and its churning losses increase obviously with an increasing speed, which results in low efficiency and thus increasing heat in aircraft EHA systems. In order to reduce churning losses at high speeds, more attention should be given to the design of an insert. In this paper, the effect of an insert with different design parameters on churning losses is investigated through Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) simulation and experiments by calculating the difference between churning losses torques of the test pump with and without the insert based on a high-speed churning losses test rig. Analytical results show that the gap between the insert and the cylinder is critical for churning losses reduction. It is found that the churning losses of the test pump can be reduced with a decreasing gap between the cylinder block and the insert at high speeds. This is because the insert can decrease the turbulence occurrence at high speeds. The results can be used for flow field analysis and optimization of the high-speed EHA pump and provide a new method for improving efficiency of high-speed EHA pumps.     

柔性转子逆回旋振动特性的研究

论述了具有陀螺效应的柔性转子在各向异性支承条件下回旋振动的特性，推导出了转子在正回旋激励作用下产生逆回旋振动的条件，提出转子振动存在逆回旋带的概念，并举例说明了转子在整个转速范围和振动频率范围内回旋振动的特点，作出了逆回旋带的曲线图。     

曲线管道内颗粒运动及对管壁磨损的数值分析

根据张量分析理论,推导出非正交曲线柱坐标系中颗粒的运动方程。对三种类型弯管内两相流动的颗粒运动轨迹,颗粒与管壁面的碰撞以及颗粒对壁面的磨损进行了数值计算。     

航空发动机涡轮机匣轮盘包容性研究

为研究某航空发动机辅助动力装置涡轮盘在预定转速范围内破裂后涡轮机匣的包容能力,在高速旋转试验器上进行了涡轮机匣的包容性试验.试验采用轮盘周向3个对称位置预制裂纹的方式,使轮盘在预定转速范围内破裂成均匀3块,得到了轮盘碎块撞击涡轮机匣的高速摄影照片.试验结果表明轮盘碎块击穿机匣撞击包容环,包容环发生大塑性变形,包住轮盘碎块.采用LS-DYNA软件对涡轮机匣包容性进行数值仿真,仿真结果与试验结果吻合良好,研究结果对航空发动机轮盘包容性设计有一定的参考价值.      

转子-基础系统的随机不确定建模与振动分析

以具有基础弹性支承的Jeffcott转子为研究对象,并考虑到外部随机激励对基础的作用和转定子间的碰摩现象,建立了带碰摩故障的转子-基础随机外激励系统的动力学微分方程.应用相应的数值仿真方法,给出了该系统随外部随机激励变化影响下的轴心轨迹、频谱图和Poincaré图等;分析了随机外激励的变化对转子-基础系统的影响.结果表明随机外激励强度和谱宽的变化以及周期外激励频率的改变将引起振动模式(如频率和波形等)的改变,并将导致转子出现周期、倍周期和混沌等复杂的动力学行为.      

伪码测距信号波形设计

在伪码再生测距中，码跟踪环的跟踪性能是决定测距精度的关键，而不同的码片波形对码跟踪环性能的影响存在差异。针对适合再生测距的码跟踪环，并且对波形限定相同带宽的条件下，对不同波形测距信号对码跟踪环跟踪性能的影响进行了分析和仿真，结果显示跟踪性能与不同波形下环路S曲线的特性相关。根据比较结果，提出了最佳的伪码测距信号波形，为实际工程中伪码波形的选用提供了依据。     

基于反馈线性化的高速无人机自适应控制系统设计

高速无人机是典型的复杂非线性、参数不确定性系统,且各控制通道之间存在强耦合作用,这对飞行控制系统设计提出了严峻挑战。针对其非线性特性和耦合特性,采用精确反馈线性化理论将无人机动力学模型解耦为3个独立的子系统,即滚转、俯仰和偏航通道;应用模型参考自适应控制方法分别设计每个通道的姿态控制器。研究表明,上述线性化方法能够实现三通道解耦,所设计控制系统满足飞行控制性能要求,且对气动参数摄动和外部干扰具有较强的鲁棒性。