高超声速飞行器高阶滑模控制器设计

针对高度非线性、强耦合、参数不确定性的高超声速飞行器纵向运动数学模型,设计了一种基于Quasi-continuous高阶滑模理论的控制器,并与传统滑模控制器进行了分析和比较。仿真结果表明,Quasi-continu-ous高阶滑模控制在高度阶跃响应时间上比传统滑模控制减少了30%,速度阶跃响应时间比传统滑模控制减少了约56%。说明所设计的控制器能较好地满足在极端环境中飞行的高超声速飞行器对控制指令响应时间的要求。因此,该项研究对高超声速飞行器控制系统的设计有十分重要的参考价值。     

薄膜区传热传质蒸发对毛细蒸发弯月面稳定性的影响

蒸发毛细弯液面的稳定性对两相传热装置的运行有着重要意义。由于弯液面的蒸发50%以上发生在一个微小区域,即延展薄膜区,可以预期不稳定性将最先产生于这一区域。为对蒸发弯月面的稳定特性进行机理性研究,首次提出一种将线性稳定性分析与薄膜区传热传质数值分析巧妙结合的研究方法。该方法通过传热传质数值分析获得能够反映弯月面稳定特性的特征膜厚和长度,并将其应用于线性稳定性判据以获得弯月面的临界过热度。分析表明,两种方法的结合可以有效揭示蒸发弯月面的稳定机制,特别是毛细管半径、弯液面温度和工质的热物性对弯月面稳定性的影响。与相关文献报道的实验结果比较,证实了该方法的有效性。     

AutoScan系列复杂零件自动化三维测量装备开发与应用

自动化三维测量可实现复杂零件的精度检测,为后续工艺优化提供基础数据,是保证航空航天领域复杂零件成形精度的关键技术,但应用时尚存在以下问题：其一,自动化三维测量视点规划仍以人工示教为主,规划效率低、效果差;其二,锻造成形等工业现场工况恶劣,易使系统预先标定的参数发生漂移,测量精度难以保证;其三,多视测量数据拼接仍主要采用标志点拼接的方式,过程繁琐,应用局限大;其四,在线自动化测量时受工装夹具等影响,测量点云中存在大量背景噪声,影响数据自动处理的精度与稳定性。针对上述难题,介绍了基于双目测头的自动化测量视点规划、基于耦合焦距比例约束的系统参数自标定、基于全局优化的多视测量数据拼接、基于自适应阈值迭代最近点（ICP）点云背景噪声自动去除等关键技术;在此基础上,研制了系列自动化三维测量装备,包括PowerVirtualPlan视点规划软件、PowerScan三维测量软件、iPoint3D数据处理软件的开发;最后,介绍自动化三维测量装备在航天航空等领域的工程应用情况。     

Application of focused laser differential interferometer to hypersonic boundary-layer instability study

Accurate prediction of hypersonic boundary-layer transition plays an important role in thermal protection system design of hypersonic vehicles. Restricted by the capability of spatial diagnostics for hypersonic boundary-layer study, quite a lot of problems of hypersonic boundary-layer transition, such as nonlinearity and receptivity, remain outstanding. This work reports the application of focused laser differential interferometer to instability wave development across hypersonic boundary-layer on a flared cone model. To begin with, the focused laser differential interferometer is designed and set up in a Mach number 6 hypersonic quiet wind tunnel with the focal point in the laminar boundary-layer of a 5 degree half-angle flared cone model. Afterwards, instability experiments are carried out by traversing the focal point throughout the hypersonic boundary-layer and the density fluctuation along the boundary-layer profile is measured and analyzed. The results show that three types of instability waves ranging from 10 kHz to over 1 MHz are co-existing in the hypersonic boundary-layer, indicating the powerful capability of focused laser differential interferometer in dynamic response resolution for instability wave study in hypersonic flow regime; furthermore, quantitative analyses including spectra and bicoherence analysis of instability waves throughout the hypersonic boundary-layer for both cold and heated cone models are performed.     

空间红外遥感相机制冷机微振动对MTF影响分析

空间红外遥感相机内部活动部件微振动载荷会引起相机光学元件产生刚体位移和面形变化,从而影响相机的在轨光学成像品质。文章基于某空间红外遥感相机内部扰振源的测试结果,建立了适用于微振动分析的相机精细有限元模型,经分析计算,确定了基于Zernike多项式曲面拟合和调制传递函数(MTF)分析的方法和流程;最后结合某空间红外遥感相机进行MTF影响分析,结果显示制冷机微振动对该相机MTF影响在工程可接受的范围内。     

地月第二拉格朗日点卫星激光测距技术研究

介绍了月球/中继星激光测距的科学意义、研究状况和发展趋势;研究了地月第二拉格朗日点(L2点)纯反射式激光测距技术和任务设计,主要包含单体大孔径激光角锥反射器的设计与研制,以及基于云南天文台1.2 m望远镜的月球/中继星激光测距系统研究。研究结果表明:采用单脉冲能量3 J和10 ns脉宽脉冲激光器,预期系统能接收到的单脉冲回波光电子数约为0.74,单光子测距精度优于1 m。     

Rationale and systems architecture for a near-term human lunar return

Early human missions to the Moon have landed on six different sites on the lunar surface. These have all been in the low-latitude regions of the near side of the Moon. Early missions were designed primarily to assure crew safety rather than for scientific value. While the later missions added increasingly more challenging science, they remained restricted to near-side, low-latitude sites. Since the 1970s, we have learned considerably more about lunar planetology and resources. A return within the next five to ten years can greatly stimulate future human space exploration activities. We can learn much more about the distribution of lunar resources, especially about hydrogen, hydrated minerals, and water ice because they appear to be abundant near the lunar poles. The presence of hydrogen opens the possibility of industrial use of lunar resources to provide fuel for space transportation throughout the solar system.This paper discusses the rationale for near-term return of human crews to the Moon, and the advantages to be gained by selecting the Moon as the next target for human missions beyond low-Earth orbit. It describes a systems architecture for early missions, including transportation and habitation aspects. Specifically, we describe a primary transportation architecture that emphasizes existing Earth-to-orbit transportation systems, using expendable launch vehicles for cargo delivery and the Space Shuttle and its derivatives for human transportation. Transfer nodes should be located at the International Space Station (ISS) and at the Earth-Moon L1 (libration point).Each of the major systems is described, and the requisite technology readiness is assessed. These systems include Earth-to-orbit transportation, lunar transfer, lunar descent and landing, surface habitation and mobility, and return to Earth. With optimum reliance on currently existing space systems and a technology readiness assessment, we estimate the minimum development time required and perform order-of-magnitude cost estimates of a near-term human lunar mission.     

一种两管径式脉动热管的流动与传热特性

为提高脉动热管的传热特性,提出了一种两管径式脉动热管结构,并基于质量、动量和能量守恒方程发展了适用的物理和数学模型。这种两管径式脉动热管对蒸发段和冷凝段取不同管径,两者的比值定义为直径比,应用上述理论模型分析了直径比对脉动热管运动规律和传热特性的影响。结果显示:采用两管径结构,可以有效提升脉动热管的自激振荡机制,特别是直径比小于1时的情况。而从传热特性而言,相比于传统等管径式脉动热管(直径比等于1),采用直径比小于1的结构可以使脉动热管的热阻明显减小,采用直径比大于1的结构却反而使传热特性下降。     

摩托车道路工况模拟软件的开发

开发和设计了摩托车道路工况模拟软件，控制摩托车底盘自动化控制设备模拟摩托车行驶时的各种道路工况条件，通过预热、机械损失测量、ALR修正和道路工况模拟四个步骤，在室内实现摩托车型号的道路工况测试。根据DELLPHI和VC的特长进行混合汇编，使用VC为工控板设计了底层的接口程序，通过DELPHI设计工作流程和交互界面，并使用VBA嵌入技术设计灵活的EXCEL报表。