基于协作机械臂的航电开关柔性检测算法

在基于协作机械臂的航电联调联试系统中,为了解决机械臂在检测航电开关时存在环境复杂、需要适应不同种类开关与定位误差等问题,提出了两种基于关节力传感器的航电开关柔性检测算法,用来检测航电联试环境中主要的3大类开关.基于外力阈值检测的接触定位与操作算法,通过广义动量观测器估计末端外力,并在控制机械臂运动时设置操作力阈值,实现...     

A view finder control system for an earth observation satellite

A real time TV view finder is used on-board a low earth orbiting (LEO) satellite to manually select targets for imaging from a ground station within the communication footprint of the satellite. The attitude control system on the satellite is used to steer the satellite using commands from the groundstation and a television camera onboard the satellite will then downlink a television signal in real time to a monitor screen in the ground station. The operator in the feedback loop will be able to manually steer the boresight of the satellite's main imager towards interested target areas e.g. to avoid clouds or correct for any attitude pointing errors. Due to a substantial delay (in the order of a second) in the view finding feedback loop and the narrow field of view of the main imager, the operator has to be assisted by the onboard attitude control system to stabilise and track the target area visible on the monitor screen.This paper will present an extended Kalman filter used to estimate the satellite's attitude angles using quaternions and the bias vector component of the 3-axis inertial rate sensors (gyros). Absolute attitude sensors (i.e. sun, horizon and magnetic) are used to supply the measurement vectors to correct the filter states during the view finder manoeuvres. The target tracking and rate steering reaction wheel controllers to accurately point and with high agility stabilise the satellite, will be presented. The controller reference generator for the satellite-to-target attitude and rate vectors, as used by the reaction wheel controllers, will be derived.     

Nonlinear dynamic modeling and simulation of an atmospheric re-entry spacecraft

This paper discusses the dynamic modeling and simulation techniques for the X-38 re-entry spacecraft, a prototype crew return vehicle (CRV) for the international space station (ISS). A general simulator for atmospheric re-entry dynamics (GESARED) was developed in the Matlab/Simulink environment. The 6 degree-of-freedom re-entry flight dynamics were modeled to achieve minimum restrictions and singularities. Quaternion representation of vehicle attitude was used to avoid computational singularities in angular kinematic model equations. The Earth's atmosphere, Earth's shape and gravitational potential were modeled appropriately. The vehicle's aerodynamic characteristics, navigation sensors, and the actuator dynamics were also modeled and implemented. Several numerical simulation tests and analyses were conducted to evaluate the performance of the model equations and the simulator.     

Tethers and debris mitigation

In recent years, the use of tethers has been proposed for reduction of space debris either through momentum transfer or use of electrodynamic effects. Tethers have been shown to at least theoretically allow for quick, elegant and cost-effective deorbit of defunct satellites or spent stages. On the other hand, the large risk that tethers themselves may pose to other satellites in orbit has been recognized as well. The large collision area of tethers, combined with operational hazards and meteoroid risk may result in a large orbital exposure. For example, in 1997, the ESA/Dutch 35-km tether deployment of YES from TEAMSAT was inhibited after an analysis of the collision risk for the case the tether operation would fail. The question rises how these two points of view compare to eachother. This paper intends to highlight a representative selection of the proposed tether applications while taking into account the added risks caused by the tethers themselves.Typical applications from recent literature will be briefly described, such as an Ariane 502 spent stage re-entry from GTO and the concept of deboost of defunct satellites by interaction of a conductive tether with the Earth magnetic field.Mass savings of the tethered sytems versus conventional equivalents will be evaluated.Based on a crude risk analysis, involving elements such as mission complexity, dynamic stability, meteoroid risk and orbital life time, a general outline of limiting factors can be given for the various applications. Special attention is reserved for implementation of mechanisms that help reduce this tether risk, such as the DUtether (Tether Degradable by Ultraviolet), utilization of airdrag and solar pressure, the effect of residual current in bare tethers, tether retrieval etc.It is proposed how a net tether-induced mitigation can be compared to that of conventional alternatives, i.e. deboost by rocket engine or a completely passive approach.This comparison is put in the perspective of an ever-increasing occupation of the space environment.It is concluded that tethers can in fact help mitigate the debris risk and that for each application a useful niche can be defined. It is argued that eliminating pollution directly after use of the precious resource of space is not only good custom, but also an important way to make the risk of debris controllable and independent of future trends. Although tethers may have large exposure in terms of area-time product, they deliver a quick cleaning service that may be appreciated by the future users of space.     

冰雪天气下基于MFOA-KELM残差修正的跑道温度混合预测

道面温度短时精准预测是跑道积冰预警的关键因素之一, 为了解决单一机理预测模型随预测时间延长而造成误差累积的问题, 提出了一种冰雪天气下跑道温度混合预测方法。将跑道温度机理预测模型与核极限学习机(KELM)相结合, 建立一种数据驱动修正残差的跑道温度机理预测模型。针对果蝇优化算法(FOA)收敛速度慢、易陷入局部最小值的问题, 引入权值更新函数和距离扩充因子, 调整果蝇的全局寻优效果, 避免陷入局部极小值。利用改进的果蝇优化算法(MFOA)对KELM的正则化参数与核参数联合优化, 以冰雪天气下跑道温度实际数据为例, 建立基于改进果蝇优化核极限学习机(MFOA-KELM)的跑道温度混合预测模型, 并在不同时间尺度下对该混合预测模型进行仿真测试。实验结果表明:与单一机理预测模型相比, 当预测时长为120 min时, MFOA-KELM混合预测模型的平均绝对误差至少减小了61.43%, 在残差阈值为±0.5℃时, 平均预测准确率为91.25%。可见, MFOA-KELM混合预测模型具有更高的预测准确性, 研究结论显示该混合预测方法能够为机场跑道温度短时精准预测提供新思路。      

基于积分分离+死区PID的逆变电路控制系统研究

为了提高逆变电路模块控制性能,在传统PID控制方法基础上提出了一种基于积分分离+死区PID控制的逆变电路控制方法,可有效解决传统PID控制引起的控制量超过被控对象而造成系统振荡的问题。积分分离+死区PID控制算法是在积分分离PID控制算法内引入死区PID控制算法,综合了两种控制算法的优点,既可延长控制系统使用寿命又可对系统偏差进行限制。最后通过MATLAB/Simulink建立具有逆变电路模块的高频电源仿真模型,将所提PID控制方法应用于其中,验证了所提方法的有效性和实用性。     

航天器姿态大角度机动有限时间控制

针对航天器姿态大角度机动控制问题，在存在外部扰动的情况下，基于航天器姿态跟踪系统的标准级联特性，利用反步法和自适应控制设计有限时间控制器。提出的控制方法可以严格保证姿态大角度机动系统是全局有限时间稳定的。李雅普诺夫理论推导和仿真结果表明，系统在控制器的作用下可以快速机动到平衡点并保持稳定，全物理仿真试验进一步表明了所提出的控制方法的有效性和优越性。     

The future functionalities of the flight management system

The availability of new Communication, Navigation and Surveillance technologies provides the basis to move towards advanced Air Traffic Management (ATM) concepts. Some of these concepts will impact the airborne Flight Management System (FMS) by introducing new functions with different flight time horizons. In this discussion, two main flight time horizon are defined:The tactical flight time horizon is between 30s and 10mn ahead of the aircraft current position. Airborne separation from traffic, terrain and adverse weather will be introduced in this time horizon as a tactical function.The strategic flight time horizon is more than 10mn ahead of the aircraft current position. Weather datafusion, enroute inflight replanning assistance and air-ground trajectory negotiation will be introduced in this time horizon as strategic functions.The organisation of the associated future flight management system can be synthesised in the scheme (figure 1). The data to be displayed to the pilot for his flight awareness are functions of the flight phase, the type of airspace and of the type of situation encountered.Globally these data can be shared as functions of their flight time horizons, and their topic, as it is described in the table below. In the cells are indicated the flight objects that these data address.SEXTANT as a major avionics manufacturer is leading research and development activities in the area of ATM related airborne flight management functions. Their existing or expected findings are described in this article.     

Similarity solutions for oscillating pointed-nose slender axisymmetric bodies — part I: circular cones

Similarity solutions for pointed-nose slender circular cones performing small-amplitude pitching oscillatons in hypersonic flow at zero angles of attack, are obtained in this paper. A three-dimensional unsteady hypersonic flow perturbation theory found recently by the present author for the pitching oscillations of such bodies is further studied here. It is shown that the equations can be reduced to four sets of boundary-value problems on ordinary differential equations by seeking a perturbation solution in the reduced frequency parameter k. Closed-form simple formulas for the stability derivatives are obtained showing the effect of all the parameters included in the problem except k. The obtained results show good agreement with the few available results.     

基于物理模型的拟人智能控制

回顾了自动控制理论与智能控制的过去和现在,讨论了它们存在的问题,提出基于物理模型的拟人智能控制。通过介绍一个成功的实例"平面运动单级倒立摆"的控制来阐明拟人智能控制的机理以及设计控制律的流程。对于复杂的非线性被控对象,只要知道其物理模型,应用拟人智能控制方法可以得到很好的结果。