Performance comparison between two different injector configurations in a hybrid rocket

Mass flux and pressure are usually considered the main parameters affecting the fuel regression rate in hybrid rockets, whereas the influence of the oxidiser injector is often neglected. Nevertheless, in some specific configurations, even in conventional hybrids, a noticeable dependence of regression rate on oxidiser injection modes has been found. Gaseous oxygen and polyethylene fuel cylindrical grains were burned. Results from the firing tests conducted with a conical axial injector of the oxidiser are discussed. That configuration provides highly stable combustion so it is considered very interesting and, hence, deserving of an in-depth analysis. A comparison to the results obtained with a radial injector is drawn in terms of average and instantaneous regression rate, fuel consumption profiles, and combustion efficiency and stability. The radial injector, at the same mass flux and pressure, produces lower regression rate, high pressure oscillations and worse combustion efficiency.     

气动伺服弹性研究的进展与挑战

飞机、导弹等飞行器的气动伺服弹性(ASE)问题源于空气动力、结构弹性以及控制系统之间的复杂耦合。随着飞行器朝着结构更轻、速度更快、性能更好的目标发展,该问题日益突出,直接影响飞行安全与性能。经过六十余年的研究,国内外在ASE分析、综合与试验方面取得了卓有成效的进展。近十余年来,若干新问题因非常规构型飞行器设计的发展而暴露出来,对ASE研究施加巨大挑战,值得重点分析。鉴于此,讨论了ASE分析中的刚弹耦合、非线性、推力矢量以及系统辨识等问题,对ASE综合中的阵风减缓、颤振主动控制和ASE优化问题加以阐述,强调了ASE试验中需要重视的技术,简要介绍了近十余年国外代表性的ASE试验项目案例,指出了一些ASE研究的新动向,并对国内的ASE研究给出了建议。     

蜂窝夹层板撞击实验数据中的野值判别

基于超高速撞击物理实验数据对蜂窝夹层板撞击极限方程进行修正是获得高可信度新方程的一种常用方法,为了提高物理实验数据的可靠性,以国外131个碳纤维复合材料(CFRP)面板的蜂窝夹层板实验数据为对象,进行野值判别方法研究,发现该批数据中存在1个野值。将该野值剔除并基于剩余的130个数据重新进行方程修正后,新方程的总体预测率和安全预测率分别达到82.3%和93.1%,其绝对误差平方和、相对误差平方和分别为0.010、0.506,相对于剔除野值前的修正方程有所改善,表明实验数据野值判别方法可行、有效。为考核方法的适用性,对铝合金面板的蜂窝夹层板的实验数据也进行野值判别分析,结果显示该方法可合理识别野值。     

弯曲通道模拟离心条件下的主燃级和预燃级联焰试验

冲压转子发动机是冲压发动机和燃气涡轮发动机的有机结合,其结构简单。冲压转子发动机燃烧室由于其内部受到强离心力场的作用,燃烧室火焰的稳定燃烧以及传播都会受其影响。为了得到离心力场对分级燃烧中两级联焰的影响规律,本文进行了试验研究工作。针对燃烧室在强离心条件下的燃烧特点,采用弯曲通道模拟气流的离心效应。在弯曲试验段上对预燃级和主燃级进行了联焰研究,试验在常温常压条件下进行,进口气流速度范围为10~70m/s。试验中考察了离心力、燃油分级比例以及主燃级燃油喷射初始角度对联焰的影响,试验结果初步验证了燃烧方案的可行性,为冲压转子发动机燃烧室的研究奠定了基础。     

考虑输入饱和与姿态角速度受限的航天器姿态抗退绕控制

 针对航天器姿态控制过程中同时存在输入饱和与姿态角速度受限的问题,提出了一种新型的姿态控制设计方法。该方法在保证系统渐近稳定的前提下,能够显式地给出输入力矩和姿态角速度的最大幅值,并通过引入一个时变锐度参数来增强系统对外部干扰的抑制能力;在此基础上,进一步考虑了由于四元数的冗余性所导致的退绕问题,设计了一组新的姿态偏差函数和偏差向量,使得控制器在满足上述约束的同时还具有抗退绕的优点。仿真结果表明,所提算法能够同时满足输入饱和与姿态角速度受限的约束,并且在较大外部干扰的情况下表现出了很强的鲁棒性,同时成功地规避了退绕现象。该算法为存在多重约束的航天器姿态控制问题提供了一个新的思路和解决方案,具有很好的实际应用价值。     

超高温升中心分级燃烧室设计及计算分析

针对航空发动机高推重比、高温升的需求,提出1种中心分级旋流燃烧室的设计方案。在保证与现有单环腔燃烧室(SAC)进出口尺寸、机匣尺寸限制不变的情况下,对设计模型进行了3维数值模拟,并与现有的单环腔燃烧室数值模拟结果及试验结果进行了对比分析。研究结果表明:设计油气比为0.045时,设计中心分级燃烧室温升可达1356 K,出口温度分布可达0.137,出口径向温度分布可达0.096;此外,与SAC相比,中心分级燃烧室可获得更低的总压损失,更低的出口温度分布系数以及高工况下可获得更高的燃烧效率;污染排放性能表明,中心分级燃烧室在慢车点CO排放比SAC的稍高,在设计点NOx排放按g/kg燃油计比SAC的低。     

Distributed state estimation for heterogeneous mobile sensor networks with stochastic observation loss

The problem of distributed fusion and random observation loss for mobile sensor networks is investigated herein. In view of the fact that the measured values, sampling frequency and noise of various sensors are different, the observation model of a heterogeneous network is constructed. A binary random variable is introduced to describe the drop of observation component and the topology switching problem caused by complete observation loss is also considered. A cubature information filtering algo...     

显示界面字符编码工效设计与分析

针对人机显示界面中字符编码的工效设计问题,以封闭模拟驾驶舱为基础,采用32名被试开展静态模拟实验,选取反应时间和反应正确率为工效评价指标,得出不同光照水平、颜色匹配和字符高度下显示界面呈现的中文、英文、数字及符号的辨识绩效.实验结果表明:中/英文、数字和普通符号的辨识绩效差异显著;0~600 lx范围内4个水平光照变化对字符编码辨识绩效影响较小;颜色匹配方式对字符编码辨识绩效影响显著,黄/白、绿/青的字符/背景色匹配方式辨识绩效较差,在字符编码设计中尽量避免使用.通过实验结论及对实验数据的深入分析,建立显示界面字符编码设计的数学模型,为飞机驾驶舱人机显示界面编码设计提供参考.     

GPS/INS超紧组合载波跟踪环路最优带宽在线设计

在全球定位系统和惯性导航系统组成的超紧耦合系统中,卫星信号的跟踪性能直接取决于载波跟踪环路的带宽。为提高最优带宽的计算精度,在对惯导辅助下载波跟踪环路跟踪特性进行分析的基础上,详细推导了载波多普勒频率估计误差、多普勒频率变化率估计误差的计算方式,建立了惯导辅助下的环路跟踪误差模型;在实时估计跟踪载噪比的基础上,应用离散牛顿二阶梯度法迭代解算最优带宽,并进行实时调整。仿真结果表明,所设计最优带宽迭代解算方法的计算精度能够在11次迭代内达到99.6%,以此作为环路的带宽,能够在弱信号、辅助信息精度较低的情况下有效提高环路的跟踪精度。     

Research into vortex breakdown control

Vortex breakdown remains a significant and intriguing phenomenon that can have detrimental or beneficial effects, depending on the application. Thus there is a strong need to both better understand the phenomenon and to control it, either to prevent breakdown or to promote it. For the past 50 years, multiple flow control techniques have demonstrated the ability to manipulate the vortex breakdown location over slender delta wings at high angles of attack. An extensive historical review of these diverse control methods, mechanical and pneumatic, steady or periodic, is presented and discussed; however, none of these techniques has clearly demonstrated a superior efficiency or effectiveness in controlling either the vortical flow structure or the vortex breakdown location. Each technique, does, on the other hand, provide a unique approach to the control of the vortex breakdown depending on the desired outcome. There are still major obstacles to overcome before the control of vortex breakdown is implemented in flight. For example, oscillations of the vortex breakdown locations are difficult to quantify and to identify. The often poor effectiveness of control techniques can be in great part attributed to insufficient knowledge of breakdown and in an inability to accurately predict breakdown. When considering the large quantity of studies aimed at vortex breakdown control and their relative success, it is clear that decisive progress in this domain will require further basic investigations to clearly elucidate the physics of the phenomenon and to improve the predictive capability.