Accurate approximation of in-ecliptic trajectories for E-sail with constant pitch angle

Propellantless continuous-thrust propulsion systems, such as electric solar wind sails, may be successfully used for new space missions, especially those requiring high-energy orbit transfers. When the mass-to-thrust ratio is sufficiently large, the spacecraft trajectory is characterized by long flight times with a number of revolutions around the Sun. The corresponding mission analysis, especially when addressed within an optimal context, requires a significant amount of simulation effort. Analytical trajectories are therefore useful aids in a preliminary phase of mission design, even though exact solution are very difficult to obtain. The aim of this paper is to present an accurate, analytical, approximation of the spacecraft trajectory generated by an electric solar wind sail with a constant pitch angle, using the latest mathematical model of the thrust vector. Assuming a heliocentric circular parking orbit and a two-dimensional scenario, the simulation results show that the proposed equations are able to accurately describe the actual spacecraft trajectory for a long time interval when the propulsive acceleration magnitude is sufficiently small.     

Rankine涡作用下激波变形和分叉的数值研究

数值模拟了激波和Rankine涡相互作用，重点研究了波涡相互作用引起的激波结构的变化过程。应用非结构化适应网格下的二阶精度Godunov型的PLM格式来求解Elder方程，对一平面激波与不同涡强Rankine涡相互作用下瞬态激波的运动、发展进行了研究。漩涡与激波间相对强度的大小对激波结构的影响明显，弱相互作用诱导激波变形，强相互作用诱导激波变形并产生分叉。计算结果表明，应用非结构化适应网格的PLM格式所得到的数值解较好地反映了瞬态激波结构的有关特征和信息。     

Coupled thermal,structural and vibrational analysis of a hypersonic engine for flight test

This paper describes a relatively simple and quick method for implementing aerodynamic heating models into a finite element code for non-linear transient thermal-structural and thermal-structural-vibrational analyses of a Mach 10 generic HyShot scramjet engine. The thermal-structural-vibrational response of the engine was studied for the descent trajectory from 60 to 26 km. Aerodynamic heating fluxes, as a function of spatial position and time for varying trajectory points, were implemented in the transient heat analysis. Additionally, the combined effect of varying dynamic pressure and thermal loads with altitude was considered. This aero-thermal-structural analysis capability was used to assess the temperature distribution, engine geometry distortion and yielding of the structural material due to aerodynamic heating during the descent trajectory, and for optimising the wall thickness, nose radius of leading edge, etc. of the engine intake. A structural vibration analysis was also performed following the aero-thermal-structural analysis to determine the changes in natural frequencies of the structural vibration modes that occur at the various temperatures associated with the descent trajectory. This analysis provides a unique and relatively simple design strategy for predicting and mitigating the thermal-structural-vibrational response of hypersonic engines.     

Application of small-size antennas for estimation of angles of arrival of HF signals scattered by ionospheric irregularities

A modification of the Doppler Interferometry Technique is suggested to enable estimating angles of arrival of comparatively broadband HF signals scattered by random irregularities of the ionospheric plasma with the use of small-size weakly directional antennas. The technique is based on the measurements of cross-spectra phases of the probe radiation recorded at least in three spatially separated points. The developed algorithm has been used to investigate the angular and frequency-time characteristics of HF signals propagating at frequencies above the maximum usable one (MUF) for the direct radio path Moscow-Kharkiv. The received signal spectra show presence of three families of spatial components attributed, respectively, to scattering by plasma irregularities near the middle point of the radio path, ground backscatter signals and scattering of the sounding signals by the intense plasma turbulence associated with auroral activations. It has been shown that the regions responsible for the formation of the third family components are located well inside the auroral oval. The drift velocity and direction of the auroral ionosphere plasma have been determined. The obtained estimates are consistent with the classical conception of the ionospheric plasma convection at high latitudes and do not contradict the results of investigations of the auroral ionosphere dynamics using the SuperDARN network.     

涡脱落撞击潜入式喷管引起低频压力振荡研究

通过不同障碍高和不同加质的冷流数值模拟,着重研究碰撞频率（碰撞处压力振荡频率）与强度(碰撞处p_rms/p_mean)对于SRM内压力振荡幅频特性的作用程度。研究结果表明,SRM内压力振荡幅度与碰撞处的压力振荡大小为相同量级。当碰撞强度较小时,碰撞只起到增强声场的作用;当碰撞强度较大时,碰撞产生的压力振荡随碰撞强度的增加逐渐覆盖淹没声场。SRM内压力振荡的幅频特性主要由涡脱落碰撞强度决定,一般只呈现低频且具有非声非线性特征。     

船舶燃机电机混合动力控制方法

在对现有混合动力控制系统进行研究的基础上,提出了新型的燃气轮机和异步电机混合动力系统。采用模块化的设计方法,建立了燃气轮机、异步电机、S.S.S.离合器、并车齿轮箱、并车控制器和螺旋桨等部件的数学模型,进而构建了整个系统的仿真模型。利用外特性法建立了燃气轮机的仿真模型;采用电流滞环跟踪 PWM方法建立了异步电机仿真模型,实现了弱磁调速;建立了 S.S.S.离合器的可靠的仿真模型,能够研究并车时的冲击;设计了 2种推进方式投切策略,实现了混合动力仿真;设计了并车控制器以实现并车过程调节。对混合动力控制策略和并车过程进行了仿真,结果表明所提出的混合动力系统能够正常工作,并车控制器工作较好,并车策略有效,能够减小并车过程中的冲击。     

室火轰燃的大涡模拟

采用一套修正的适用于低马赫数浮力流的N-S方程组来描述火灾场,运用Smagorinsky亚格子模型的大涡模拟方法对室内池火的轰燃发展过程进行了数值模拟,把模拟与实验结果进行了对比和分析。结果表明,该方法能较好地预测轰燃。同时模拟结果显示火焰区向房间后部偏转稍大,近壁处温度预测的误差大一些,随着亚格子模型的不断完善和计算能力的提高,用该技术来预测轰燃现象会更加准确。     

基于模型的转子系统不平衡量的估计

采用基于模型的方法对转子系统的不平衡量进行估计,首先记录初始状态下的振动信号,然后根据实时测得的不平衡响应信号,得出差值振动信号,联立转子系统的动力学方程,得出不平衡等效载荷,根据等效载荷,得出不平衡的位置、相位及大小.采用模态扩展技术实现由有限几个点的振动响应获取所需点上的响应.由于噪声的影响,提出了基于高斯小波的降噪方法.仿真与实验结果表明,这一方法能够比较准确地估计出转子系统的不平衡量.      

基于浸入边界法的低雷诺数流固耦合数值模拟(英文)

提出一种基于SIMPLE算法的非定常流固耦合计算方法。流体Navier-Stokes方程空间采用非结构化网格有限体积法离散,时间项采用了欧拉隐式方法。利用浸入式边界方法模拟静止或者运动固体区域,流固界面作用力通过流体体积(VOF)方法进行处理。从而可以用固定网格求解任意复杂区域中的流固耦合作用。本文模拟了低雷诺数静止及振荡圆柱绕流,所得结果与文献中贴体网格计算结果吻合,从而验证了本文方法的合理性和正确性。     

组合抽吸对大转角扩压叶栅性能的影响

实验研究了低速条件下在端壁和吸力面同时进行附面层吸除对某大转角扩压叶栅性能的影响.在叶片表面及端壁进行了墨迹流动显示,并对叶栅出口截面进行了测量.基于实验的抽吸槽布置方式:端壁吸气主要影响区域是吸力面角区;吸力面抽吸可以减小角区范围,延迟叶片吸力面附面层转捩,改善中径处流场;组合抽吸则优化了叶栅整体流场,使流动更加均一高效,由于削弱了端壁和吸力面附面层间的相互作用,组合抽吸在大吸气量下优于前两种吸气方式.