氢氧爆轰直接起始的射流点火方法研究

为探讨氢氧爆轰驱动激波风洞中的高氢混合比氢氧混合气直接爆轰的点火方法，对射流点火管的点火能力进行实验研究发现，点火管长度是决定射流点火能力的关键因素，射流点火能力随点火管长度的增加而增强。点火管与爆轰管之间无隔膜，结构简单，操作方便。同时观察了点火管中增添孔板对射流点火能力的影响，发现障碍物对射流点火能力具有减弱作用。     

High-Sensitivity Quartz Accelerometer for Measurements of Small Accelerations of Spacecraft

A quartz sensor of small accelerations with a capacitive transducer is designed and produced, allowing one to measure spacecraft accelerations with a resolution of 10^–7 m/s² in the range ±10^–1 m/s². The results of calibration of the sensor by the method of inclinations are presented.     

CAPP系统中特征造型描述法的应用

本文结合专为哈尔滨制氧机厂开发的实用型CAPP系统，对CAPP系统的研制进行了探索性的研究，该系统以Windows作为开发平台，在基于零件特征造型建模的基础上，运用面向对象编程技术完成了一个交互式信息输入子系统，实现了回转体零件CAPP系统的信息输入，这里主要介绍零件特征信息模型的建立与特征信息的数据结构。     

内喷管间隙宽度对线性塞式喷管性能的影响

为了了解内喷管间隙宽度对线性塞式喷管性能的影响，提出了对应着同一个内喷管的三种不同间隙宽度的塞锥。采用数值模拟的方法，得到了不同间隙宽度的线性塞式喷管在不同工况下的流场和性能。比较了不同间隙宽度对线性塞式喷管性能的影响，结果表明：增加内喷管间隙会增大线性塞式喷管的面积比和设计压比；内喷管间隙变宽，塞锥表面的压强下降，塞式喷管的性能下降，间隙宽度增大一倍，塞式喷管性能下降1％～3％。另外在计算过程中发现，内喷管的性能是整个线性塞式喷管性能的主要组成部分，占了整个塞式喷管性能的三分之二以上。     

How we will go to Mars

This article studies the efficiency of ejecting waste generated by the life support system (LSS) of a manned spacecraft to reduce initial mass on low earth orbit. The spacecraft is used for a long-duration interplanetary mission and is equipped with either a chemical or a nuclear-thermal propulsion system. For this study we simulate an optimal control problem for a given spacecraft maneuver. An impulsive approximation of the optimal interplanetary spacecraft trajectory is assumed, which allows us to reduce the general optimal control problem to hierarchic structure of 'outer' and 'inner' subproblems. This structure is analyzed using the Pontryagin's Maximum principle. Numerical results, illustrating the efficiency of waste ejection are shown for typical Earth-Mars transfer trajectories. This results confirm in theory that using a waste ejection system makes an early manned Mars mission possible without having to design and build new, advanced biological LSS.     

Microgravity effects on water supply and substrate properties in porous matrix root support systems.

The control of water content and water movement in granular substrate-based plant root systems in microgravity is a complex problem. Improper water and oxygen delivery to plant roots has delayed studies of the effects of microgravity on plant development and the use of plants in physical and mental life support systems. Our international effort (USA, Russia and Bulgaria) has upgraded the plant growth facilities on the Mir Orbital Station (OS) and used them to study the full life cycle of plants. The Bulgarian-Russian-developed Svet Space Greenhouse (SG) system was upgraded on the Mir OS in 1996. The US developed Gas Exchange Measurement System (GEMS) greatly extends the range of environmental parameters monitored. The Svet-GEMS complex was used to grow a fully developed wheat crop during 1996. The growth rate and development of these plants compared well with earth grown plants indicating that the root zone water and oxygen stresses that have limited plant development in previous long-duration experiments have been overcome. However, management of the root environment during this experiment involved several significant changes in control settings as the relationship between the water delivery system, water status sensors, and the substrate changed during the growth cycles.     

The development of a Russian communication satellite of small class, operating in the geostationary and high-elliptical orbits

In 1994–1995 Lavochkin Association (Russia) together with the other enterprises in accordance with technical requirements of the Russian Space agency, developed a new Russian communication satellite of a small class that will operate in both the geostationary (GSO) and high-elliptical (HEO) orbits. This satellite may be injected into operational orbits using a SOYUZ-2 launch vehicle (LV) and a FREGAT upper stage (US) from Plesetsk and Baykonur space launch sites (SLS).The main reason for creating such a satellite was to decrease the cost of the support and development of the Russian communication geostationary satellites group.Russian satellites Horizont, Express, Ekran and Gals, which operate in GSO, are the basis of the space segment for communications, radio and TV broadcasting. All of these satellites are injected into GSO by the PROTON LV. PROTON is a launch vehicle of a heavy class. The use of a middle class LV instead of a heavy class will allow to reduce considerably the launch cost. The change of a heavy class LV to a LV of middle class determined one economic reason for this project. Besides, the opportunity to launch S/C into GSO from Russian Plesetsk SLS increases the independence of Russia in the domain of space communications, despite the presence of the contract with Kazachstan about the rent of Baykonur SLS. Finally, use of small satellites with a rather small number of transponders is more effective than the use of big satellites. It will allow also to increase a satellite group (by the launch of additional satellites) precisely in accordance to the development of the ground segment.     

复合材料壳体与喷管的卡环连接结构研究

较详细地对复合材料壳体与喷管卡环连接结构进行了有限元应力,应变分析,对卡环,接头及倒锥等多体接触问题进行研究;对“Ｉ”型及“Ｌ”型卡环结构分别进行了计算和比较,并给出计算结果及结果分析。     

Evaluation of safety of hypobaric decompressions and EVA from positions of probabilistic theory

Formation and subsequent evolution of gas bubbles in blood and tissues of subjects exposed to decompression are casual processes in their nature. Such character of bubbling processes in a body predetermines probabilistic character of decompression sickness (DCS) incidence in divers, aviators and astronauts. Our original probabilistic theory of decompression safety is based on stochastic models of these processes and on the concept of critical volume of a free gas phase in body tissues. From positions of this theory, the probability of DCS incidence during single-stage decompressions and during hypobaric decompressions under EVA in particular, is defined by the distribution of possible values of nucleation efficiency in "pain" tissues and by its critical significance depended on the parameters of a concrete decompression. In the present study the following is shown: 1) the dimensionless index of critical nucleation efficiency for "pain" body tissues is a more adequate index of decompression stress in comparison with Tissue Ratio, TR; 2) a priory the decompression under EVA performed according to the Russian protocol is more safe than decompression under EVA performed in accordance with the U.S. protocol; 3) the Russian space suit operated at a higher pressure and having a higher "rigidity" induces a stronger inhibition of mechanisms of cavitation and gas bubbles formation in tissues of a subject located in it, and by that provides a more considerable reduction of the DCS risk during real EVA performance.     

Control-structure interaction study of the proposed space station freedom

A relatively general formulation for studying the dynamics and control of an arbitrary spacecraft with interconnected flexible bodies has been developed accounting for transient system properties, shift in the center of mass, shear deformations, rotary inertias and geometric nonlinearities. This self-contained, comprehensive, numerical algorithm using system modes is applicable to a large class of spacecraft configurations of contemporary and future interests. Here, versatility of the approach is demonstrated through the dynamics and control studies aimed at the evolving Space Station Freedom.