固体火箭发动机翼柱形药柱的优化设计

以固体火箭发动机的翼柱形药柱的优化设计为例，通过建立翼柱形药柱的计算模型，固体火箭发动机的能量模型，提出了翼柱形药柱的优化设计方法。药柱的计算采用了混合罚函数法，根据得出了计算结果中各设计变量对目标函数的影响大小，确立了各设计变量的最佳值，该方法还可用于其他型号的翼柱形药柱的优化设计。     

Effect of weightlessness on posture and movement control during a whole body reaching task

Here are reported preliminary results of the “Synergy” experiment performed aboard the Russian orbital station “MIR” in July 1993 (Altaïr Mission). The experiment was carried out before, during, and after the space flight of two astronauts (S1 and S2). The duration of the flight was 21 days for S1 and 6 month for S2. The subjects were tested during preflight, inflight and postflight. The astronaut subjects were fixed on the ground by the feet. They were asked to pick up a box in front of them on the ground. Two velocities of movement and two distances of the target to be reached were tested. The movement of several small markers placed on the body was recorded on video tape.

Results show that the shape of head and hand trajectories in the sagittal plane remains roughly the same during the flight in spite of the modification of mechanical constraints. Trajectory invariance does not result in joint angular displacement invariance. These data indicate that the planning of the movement takes place in terms of head and hand trajectories rather than joint rotations as it was previously suggested for simple arm reaching movement.     

Structural and functional changes in man accompanying the weightlessness in "Skylab" flights: a mathematical approach

The present paper reports a kinetic analysis of changes of some physiological parameters, obtained from international literature, after changes in gravitational environment. The overall phenomenology of the adaptation to weightlessness is characterized by a rapid process followed by a slow one. The two processes show half time values differing by about five times. Also in the case of readaptation to gravity, after recovery on the Earth, two well resolved processes, showing different half time values, are observed. It is of interest to notice that the rate of response to weightlessness is lower than that to gravity. Of course, the half time values observed depend on the different physiological parameters considered. In any case, the experimental data suggest a general trend of many adaptive changes, that may all be described by a simple mathematical model.     

Skylab experiment M-092: results of the first manned mission

Blood pressure at 30-sec intervals, heart rate, and percentage increase in leg volume continuously were recorded during a 25-min protocol in the M092 Inflight Lower Body Negative Pressure (LBNP) experiment carried out in the first manned Skylab mission. These data were collected during six tests on each crewman over a 5-month preflight period. The protocol consisted of a 5-min resting control period, 1 min at -8, 1 min at -16, 3 min at -30, 5 min at -40, and 5 min at -50 mm Hg LBNP. A 5-min recovery period followed. Inflight tests were performed at approximately 3-day intervals through the 28-day mission. Individual variations in cardiovascular responses to LBNP during the preflight period continued to be demonstrated in the inflight tests. Measurements of the calf indicated that a large volume of fluid was shifted out of the legs early in the flight and that a slower decrease in leg volume, presumably due to loss of muscle tissue, continued throughout the flight. Resting heart rates tended to be low early in the flight and to increase slightly as the flight progressed. Resting blood pressure varied but usually was characterized by slightly elevated systolic blood pressure, lower diastolic pressure, and higher pulse pressures than during preflight examinations. During LBNP inflight a much greater increase in leg volume occurred than in preflight tests. Large increases occurred even at the smallest levels of negative pressure, suggesting that the veins of the legs were relatively empty at the beginning of the LBNP. The greater volume of blood pooled in the legs was associated with greater increases of heart rate and diastolic pressure and larger falls of systolic and pulse pressure than seen in preflight tests. The LBNP protocol represented a greater stress inflight, and on three occasions it was necessary to stop the test early because of impending syncopal reactions. LBNP responses inflight appeared to predict the degree of postflight orthostatic intolerance. Postflight responses to LBNP during the first 48 hours were characterized by marked elevations of heart rate and instability of blood pressure. In addition, systolic and diastolic pressures were typically elevated considerably both at rest and also during stress. The time required for cardiovascular responses to return to preflight levels was much slower than in the case of Apollo crewmen.     

研制海洋地质调查卫星，发展海洋经济

分析了海洋地质调查中存在的问题和对海洋卫星的需求，提出了研制海洋地质调查卫星、加速海洋地质调查的建议。     

RS（31，15，17）码的设计与软件实现

介绍了RS码的优点及选用RS（31，15，17）码的原因，阐述了RS码的构成及其基本原理，详细阐述了RS（31，15，17）码的编码设计和译码设计，用软件实现了编，译码过程并进行验证，得到了有用的结论。     

双向比对远距离时间同步技术

双向时间比对是实现远距离时间同步的一个重要途径，在卫星的时频系统中获得了广泛的应用，本文详细描述了其原理和关键技术，在精度分析的基础上，归纳了其典型特点。     

利用互耦合校准相控阵天线

在相控阵天线的制造过程中一般要对其阵列实施一次校准，并且校准需要大的近场或远场天线距离。技术服务公司（TSC）利用阵元间的互耦合特性，对仅用现有的阵列元作为（信号）源就可以精确地校准现代阵列的技术进行了验证。因此用机上自动化程序可以对阵列实施校准和再校准，无须在维护时取出天线。本文讨论了利用互耦合校准的理论，并给出了利用互耦合技术调谐现代808阵元试制天线的成功结果。     

轻型空间CCD相机模态分析及结构建模方法研究

文章以大型结构设计软件Pro/E、前后处理软件PATRAN及分析软件NASTRAN为基础，研究了轻型空间CCD相机的结构建模方法，建立了相机的超大规模有限元模型，并对该相机主要零部件及整机等多种状态进行模态分析，在验证该相机结构设计的合理性的同时有效地改进了设计。     

短脉冲信号的天线旁瓣响应

讨论了信号在很短的持续时间内，天线旁瓣区域接收的信号波形。可以发现，输出信号的波形与输入信号的波形是完全不同的。给出了分析理论解释并举例说明了这些影响，还证实了分析的有效性。提出了多种用途。