LEO原子氧剥蚀太阳电池阵Ag互连材料的试验研究

暴露在低地球轨道(LEO)上的太阳电池阵,会与大量具有极强氧化性的原子氧发生碰撞,导致太阳电池阵中对氧原子敏感的Ag互连材料受到剥蚀。文章依据原子氧剥蚀Ag材料的机理,选取了约400 km高度轨道上1年时间内原子氧的累积通量作为最高剂量,进行了原子氧剥蚀不同厚度Ag互连材料的地面模拟环境试验。试验表明:Ag在原子氧作用下在宏观上会经历"氧化—剥落"的循环剥蚀过程。根据反应方程简化推导了Ag互连片的剥蚀厚度公式,同时结合试验结果计算出了不同厚度Ag互连材料的厚度损失率。该研究成果可为LEO太阳电池阵原子氧防护设计提供技术支持。     

基于感测线圈和KPCA的电机轴承故障检测

在电机定子中嵌入感测线圈并结合核主元分析(KPCA)进行电机轴承的故障检测。8只线圈分别嵌入电机定子的前端和后端,通过分时复用形成6组反应电机状态的差动信号。针对6组感测信号与电机状态间的非线性特征,采用KPCA进行多变量分析。着重介绍分析了KPCA故障检测的算法、监测指标和步骤。最后,用机车变压器油泵电机为对象开展了试验研究,验证了所提电机轴承故障监测方法的有效性和正确性。     

Numerical investigation of the impact of asymmetric fuel injection on shock train characteristics

Numerical simulations are carried out to investigate the impact of asymmetric fuel injection on shock train characteristics using the commercial-code FLUENT. The asymmetry of fuel injection is examined by changing the fuel flow rates of the upper and lower wall fuel injectors. The numerical approach solves the two-dimensional Reynolds-averaged Navier–Stokes (RANS) equations, supplemented with a k-ω model of turbulence. As a result, different ways of fuel injections will always lead to shock train transitions, with the variations of shock train structure, strength and leading edge position. For symmetric fuel injection, the flowfield of the isolator is quite asymmetric with the boundary layer of the upper wall side developing much stronger than that of the lower wall, which is due to the heterogeneity of the incoming flow. Regarding to asymmetric fuel injection with more of lower wall side, though the pressures in the combustor are nearly the same, the first shock of the shock train converts between ‘Distinct symmetric X type shock’ and ‘Obscure and weaker asymmetric shock’ and the shock train leading edge moves upstream with the increase of the asymmetry level. With regard to asymmetric fuel injection with more of upper wall side, ‘incomplete asymmetric X type shock’ occurs and the shock train structures keep nearly the same with low level of fuel injection asymmetry. Unexpected results like unstart will happen when increasing the level of fuel injection asymmetry. And the isolator will come back to normal state by decreasing the differential of upper and lower wall sides fuel injections.     

An innovative navigation scheme of powered descent phase for Mars pinpoint landing

Pinpoint landing (within 100 m from the target) is essential for future Mars exploration missions. This paper deals with one aspect of the pinpoint landing architecture—the navigation performance improvement during the powered descent phase, and proposes an innovative navigation scheme to obtain the vehicle complete and accurate states. On the basis of dead reckoning relying on the Inertial Measurement Unit, measurements of the Integrated Doppler Radar are adopted to correct the vehicle velocity and altitude. Distance between the vehicle and one Mars Orbiter as well as their line-of-sight relative velocity is measured by a radio sensor, and integrated in the filter to correct the vehicle horizontal position. The innovative navigation system is based on an Extend Kalman Filter. Two observation schemes are developed. One considers measurements of the Integrated Doppler Radar and radio range measurement. Another further considers radio velocity measurement. The performance of the innovative navigation scheme is greatly influenced by the position of the Mars Orbiter with respect to the target. Stochastic analyses are performed to obtain optimal locations of Mars Orbiter. Finally, the innovative navigation scheme performances are assessed through stochastic simulations. Its performance improvements are demonstrated by comparison with the Integrated Doppler Radar only navigation scheme.     

Study on O2 generation and CO2 absorption capability of four co-cultured salad plants in an enclosed system

The ability to generate O₂ and absorb CO₂ of several co-cultured vegetable plants in an enclosed system was studied to provide theoretical reference for the future man-plant integrated tests. Four kinds of salad plants (Lactuca sativa L. var. Dasusheng, Lactuca sativa L. var. Youmaicai, Gynura bicolor and Cichorium endivia L.) were grown in the CELSS Integration Test Platform (CITP). The environmental factors including O₂ and CO₂ concentration were continuously monitored on-line and the plant biomass was measured at the end of the test. The changing rules of O₂ and CO₂ concentration in the system were basically understood and it was found that the O₂ generated by the plants could satisfy the respiratory needs of 1.75 persons by calculation. It was also found that the plants could absorb the CO₂ breathed out by 2 persons when the light intensity was raised to 550 mmol m⁻² s⁻¹ PPF. The results showed that the co-cultured plants hold good compatibility and excellent O₂-generating and CO₂-absorbing capability. They could also supply some fresh edible vegetable for a 2-person crew.     

混合电路仿真的新方法

实际的数字系统均由数字电路和模拟电路组成，分析数字电路的方法与分析模拟电路的方法是完全不同的。本文将给出一种仿真混合电路的新方法及相应的模拟器。ＭＣ－ＳＩＭ的主要原理如下：首先把被模拟电路划分成许多模拟模块和数字模块，模拟（数字）模块只有模拟（数字）输出；任一模拟输入均视一系列发生在离散的时间点上的事件；模拟模块在达到之前与数字模块一样参加排队；不论是数字模块还是模拟模块都在统一的时间轮下进行计算     

一种减小PFC变换器电容规格的方法

常规的由Boost和DC/DC变换器级联构成的两级式PFC变换器,在Boost电路输出端要接高耐压等级的电解电容作为储能电容,不仅体积大、价格高,而且寿命短,为此本文研究了一种低压输出的Boost/半桥组合式软开关谐振PFC变换器。该变换器利用半桥电路输出端的低压电解电容平衡瞬时功率,Boost电路输出端电容与变压器漏感谐振,并不大量储能,由此减小了Boost电路电容的规格,提高了工作可靠性。讨论了该变换器的控制策略,前后级共用一套控制电路,实现功率管的软开关和能量的传递。分析了降低电容容值的可行性,指出采用小容值非电解电容替代Boost电路输出端的大容量电解电容后,变换器具有良好的性能。给出了Boost和半桥电路输出端电容的设计方法,进行了实验验证。     

求解结构可靠度的直接积分方法

针对一类极限状态函数为随机变量的和差积商的有理函数形式,提出了求解结构可靠度的直接积分方法。给出了一些基本函数的概率密度函数。通过定义中间变量将这类特殊的极限状态函数转化为基本函数的函数,进而求出中间变量的概率密度函数,最终求出极限状态函数的概率密度函数.用积分的方法求出结构可靠度。该方法不用考虑随机变量服从何种概率分布,且计算结果为精确解。     

基于区域预测和视觉注意计算的快速目标检测

提出了一种结合区域预测与视觉注意模型化计算的快速目标检测方法.通过分析图像近似均匀的3个水平子区域的方向特征图之灰度比率,灰度特征图之信息熵和子区域位置,建立了目标区域预测的判定准则.同时,通过优选特征和优化特征图之权重,改进了视觉注意计算模型.对于一幅待检测图像,根据区域预测的判定准则,实现目标区域的快速预测,并利用改进的视觉注意计算模型对目标区域进行视觉注意计算,实现特定目标的快速精确定位.实验结果表明:针对户外场景中的行人目标,与通过整幅图像的视觉注意计算来实现目标检测的传统方法相比较,该检测方法可使检测时间缩短30%,同时还能使检测准确率提高9%.      

基于耦合动力学要求的旋翼阻尼器特性分析

旋翼阻尼特性是直升机动力学问题的要素之一,根据全机动力学设计要求,进行地面共振和旋翼/动力/传动扭振系统稳定性分析,并据此提出旋翼系统阻尼特性参数设计要求.分析了粘弹性阻尼器和液压阻尼器的特点,研究了阻尼器刚度和阻尼对全机耦合动力学的影响;通过比较不同孔径节流孔的阻尼特性,确定了阻尼器设计方案.计算分析结果以及阻尼器样件的性能试验和机上试验验证结果表明:阻尼特性能够满足地面共振和旋翼/动力/传动扭振系统稳定性要求,并可实现其用于桨叶折叠的功能要求.