Fault Estimation and Accommodation for a Class of Nonlinear System Based on Neural Network Observer

The problem of fault estimation and accommodation of nonlinear systems with disturbances is studied using adaptive observer and neural network techniques.A robust adaptive learning algorithm based on switchingβsmodification is developed to realize the accurate and fast estimation of unknown actuator faults or component faults.Then a fault tolerant controller is designed to restore system performance.Dynamic error convergence and system stability can be guaranteed by Lyapunov stability theory.Finally,simulation results of quadrotor helicopter attitude systems are presented to illustrate the efficiency of the proposed techniques.     

布雷顿循环和半导体温差联合发电技术在飞行器上的应用

文章针对飞行器燃烧室高温壁面提出了初步的闭式布雷顿循环和半导体温差联合发电方案。首先,建立了简化的理论计算模型,开展了温度场计算分析;然后,根据布雷顿循环发电系统的关键节点温度和半导体温差电材料冷热端温差计算结果,给出联合发电系统的整体发电量和基本性能参数。研究结果为布雷顿循环和半导体温差联合发电系统在飞行器上的应用提供了指导和借鉴。     

A surface parametric control and global optimization method for axial flow compressor blades

An aerodynamic optimization method for axial flow compressor blades available for engineering is developed in this paper. Bezier surface is adopted as parameterization method to control the suction surface of the blades, which brings the following advantages:(A) significantly reducing design variables;(B) easy to ensure the mechanical strength of rotating blades;(C) better physical understanding;(D) easy to achieve smooth surface. The Improved Artificial Bee Colony(IABC) algorithm, which significantly increases the convergence speed and global optimization ability, is adopted to find the optimal result. A new engineering optimization tool is constructed by combining the surface parametric control method, the IABC algorithm, with a verified Computational Fluid Dynamics(CFD) simulation method, and it has been successfully applied in the aerodynamic optimization for a single-row transonic rotor(Rotor 37) and a single-stage transonic axialflow compressor(Stage 35). With the constraint that the relative change in the flow rate is less than0.5% and the total pressure ratio does not decrease, within the acceptable time in engineering, the adiabatic efficiency of Rotor 37 at design point increases by 1.02%, while its surge margin 0.84%,and the adiabatic efficiency of Stage 35 0.54%, while its surge margin 1.11% after optimization, to verify the effectiveness and potential in engineering of this new tool for optimization of axial compressor blade.     

任务型教学法的任务设计

任务型教学法是新兴的一种强调“在做中学”(learning by doing)的语言教学方法，是我国外语课程教学改革的一个走向，吸收了以往多种教学法的优点而形成。任务是任务型教学法中一个重要概念。要使任务型教学法更好地发挥作用，任务的设计就显得尤为重要。在任务设计中，要注意任务与人本主义、任务与文化性、任务与教师角色之...     

Particle swarm optimization applied to hypersonic reentry trajectories

This paper presents the novel use of the particle swarm optimization(PSO)to generate the end-to-end trajectory for hypersonic reentry vehicles in a quite simple formulation.The velocitydependent bank angle profile is developed to reduce the search space of unknown parameters based on the constrained PSO algorithm.The path constraints are enforced by setting the fitness function to be infinite on condition that the particles violate the maximum allowable values.The PSO algorithm also provides a much easier means to satisfy the terminal conditions by adding penalty terms to the fitness function.Furthermore,the approximate reentry landing footprint is fast constructed by incorporating an interpolation model into the standardized bank angle profiles.Numerical simulations demonstrate that the PSO method is a feasible and flexible tool to generate the end-to-end trajectory and landing footprint for hypersonic reentry vehicles.     

某型三叶螺旋桨的设计及性能试验

根据飞行速度、需用拉力、螺旋桨转速等参数,设计了某型飞机的三叶螺旋桨,获得了弦长和桨叶角沿着径向的分布.制造了三叶复合材料螺旋桨（直径为1.75m）,在螺旋桨试验台上测试了不同转速下螺旋桨的拉力.为了获得螺旋桨的动态性能,制造了螺旋桨的缩比模型（直径为0.96m）,在西北工业大学NF-3风洞的三元试验段测试了螺旋桨的气动性能数据,包括:拉力、扭矩、功率、效率.结果表明:螺旋桨最大效率为85.63%,所设计的三叶复合材料螺旋桨适用于螺旋桨需用功率为70kW左右的发动机（比如Rotax912）,提出的螺旋桨设计方法具有较好的应用价值.      

战斗机嵌入式训练系统中的智能虚拟陪练

智能化"实虚"对抗是现代先进战斗机嵌入式训练系统的重要功能需求。自主空战决策控制技术在未来空战装备发展中扮演关键角色。将当前的功能需求和发展中的技术结合起来,得到了空战智能虚拟陪练的概念。先进控制决策技术的引入使得智能虚拟陪练能够帮助飞行员完成复杂的战术训练,而训练中真实的对抗场景为技术的验证提供了理想的环境,大量的训练数据为技术的持续迭代优化提供了保障。作为可学习和进化的空战战术专家,智能陪练在人机对抗和自我对抗中不断优化,当其具备与人相当甚至超越人的战术能力时,可应用于未来的无人空战系统。智能虚拟陪练需要具备4项基本能力：智能决策能力、知识学习能力、对抗自优化能力和参数化表示能力。对其包含的关键技术进行了分析,提出并实现了一个基于模糊推理、神经网络和强化学习的解决方案,展示了其各项基本能力及目前达到的空战水平。未来更多的模型和算法可在智能虚拟陪练的框架中进行验证和优化。     

基于火箭橇的无人机碰撞民用飞机试验技术研究

无人机碰撞民用飞机关键部位损伤程度的研究是民航领域关注的新型热点问题。本文首次提出采用 火箭橇试验评估无人机碰撞民用飞机的安全性。通过对碰撞速度、碰撞位置、无人机姿态、参数测量等进行研 究,设计碰撞技术方案,论述火箭橇的设计、弹道控制设计、强度校核和测试方案,并进行试验验证和仿真计算。 结果表明:本文设计的火箭橇碰撞试验方案是可行的,实现了单一弹道上的连续多点碰撞及多视角、全覆盖、高 稳定的全过程记录;可为后续开展同类碰撞试验提供必要的技术参考,所开展的多发次碰撞试验也为无人机碰 撞民用飞机的安全性评估提供了有效的试验数据。     

复合材料机身C型柱准静态压溃仿真及失效模式

为了研究复合材料机身薄壁C型柱结构轴向压溃吸能特性、失效模式及C型柱多层壳单元建模方法,建立多层壳单元有限元模型,基于准静态轴向压溃实验结果进行对比验证。结果表明:C型柱多层壳单元模型能够在一定程度上模拟层间分层失效及压溃过程中的局部弯曲变形和层束弯曲失效模式;仿真与实验的载荷-位移曲线吻合性较好,压溃初始峰值载荷,比吸能以及压溃均值偏差较小;但C型柱结构压溃初始峰值载荷较大,载荷效率较低,需通过优化设计进一步降低其初始载荷峰值。