Eliminating negative VTEC in global ionosphere maps using inequality-constrained least squares

Currently, ground-based Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) stations of the International GNSS Service (IGS) are distributed unevenly around the world. Most of them are located on the mainland, while only a small part of them are scattered on some islands in the oceans. As a consequence, many unreasonable zero values (in fact negative values) appear in Vertical Total Electron Content (VTEC) of European Space Agency (ESA) and Center for Orbit Determination in Europe (CODE) IONEX products, especially in 2008 and 2009 when the solar activities were rather quiet. To improve this situation, we directly implement non-negative physical constraints of ionosphere for global ionosphere maps (GIM) with spherical harmonic functions. Mathematically, we propose an inequality-constrained least squares method by imposing non-negative inequality constraints in the areas where negative VTEC values may occur to reconstruct GIM models. We then apply the new method to process the IGS data in 2008. The results have shown that the new algorithm efficiently eliminates the unwanted behavior of negative VTEC values, which could otherwise often be seen in the current CODE and ESA GIM products in both middle and high latitude areas of the Southern Hemisphere (45°S∼90°S) and the Northern Hemisphere (50°N∼90°N). About 64% of GPS receivers’ DCBs have been significantly improved. Finally, we compare the GIM results between with and without the inequality constraints, which has clearly shown that the GIM result with inequality constraints is significantly better than that without the inequality constraints. The inequality-constrained GIM result is also highly consistent with the final IGS products in terms of root mean squared (RMS) and mean VTEC.     

Satellite Constellation Design with Adaptively Continuous Ant System Algorithm

The ant system algorithm （ASA） has proved to be a novel meta-heuristic algorithm to solve many multivariable problems. In this paper, the earth coverage of satellite constellation is analyzed and a n ＋ 1^ -fold coverage rate is put forward to evaluate the coverage performance of a satellite constellation. An optimization model of constellation parameters is established on the basis of the coverage performance. As a newly developed method, ASA can be applied to optimize the constellation parameters. In order to improve the ASA, a rule for adaptive number of ants is proposed, by which the search range is obviously enlarged and the convergence speed increased. Simulation results have shown that the ASA is more quick and efficient than other methodV211.71s.     

尾喷口机构的伺服力加载系统研究

对飞机尾喷口鱼鳞片伺服机构的地面伺服力加载系统作了分析，给出了以压力伺服间组成系统的实用工程设计方法，提出了带有余度性质的技术措施。在压力问实测参数的基础上进行仿真研究，取得了满意的结果。     

Solar activity prediction studies and services in NAOC

Solar activity prediction services started in 1960’s in National Astronomical Observatories, Chinese Academy of Sciences (NAOC). As one of the members of the International Space Environment Service (ISES), Regional Warning Center of China (RWC-China) was set up in 1990’s. Solar Activity Prediction Center (SAPC), as one of the four sub-centers of RWC-China, is located in NAOC. Solar activity prediction studies and services in NAOC cover short-term, medium-term, and long-term forecast of solar activities. Nowadays, certain prediction models, such as solar X-ray flare model, solar proton event model, solar 10 cm radio flux model, have been established for the practical prediction services. Recently, more and more physical analyses are introduced in the studies of solar activity prediction, such as the magnetic properties of solar active regions and magnetic structure of solar atmosphere. Besides traditional statistics algorithms, Machine Learning and Artificial Intelligence techniques, such as Support Vector Machine (SVM) method, are employed in the establishment of forecast models. A Web-based integrated platform for solar activity data sharing and forecast distribution is under construction.     

基于VB的矩形花键拉刀设计系统的实现

传统的拉刀设计方法效率低，利用计算机设计程序可以使其实现自动化，快速、准确。介绍了基于Visual Basic6．0环境下矩形花键拉刀设计程序，剖析了其中主要的功能模块。该程序可对拉刀的结构参数进行设计计算，并利用AutoCAD集成的VBA开发工具自动绘制出矩形花键拉刀图纸。结果表明其完全满足工程实践要求。     

光纤环及其骨架材料膨胀系数测量方法研究与实现

介绍了一种光纤环及其骨架膨胀系数的简易测量方法,并组建了测量系统。利用铝材和不锈钢,对系统的可行性进行了验证,同时用该系统测量了光纤环及不同骨架的膨胀系数,并对实验数据进行了分析研究,实验结果表明：该系统能够为找出与光纤环相匹配的骨架材料提供技术支撑,具有一定的实用和推广应用价值。     

战损飞机动力学特性分析及杀伤研究

现代战争中,防空武器性能不断提升,对飞机造成的威胁越来越大,确定飞机受到打击时的杀伤状态及杀伤等级成为飞机设计时需要考虑的重要问题。飞机被防空武器击中时,可能发生机翼脱离损伤,其质量、面积产生明显变化,将导致飞机的重心、气动特性的变化,严重危害飞机的稳定性。针对上述情况,以某型作战飞机为例,建立损伤情况下的飞机模型,综合分析机翼脱离损伤对飞机重量、重心和机翼面积带来的影响;建立损伤飞机的气动模型,计算损伤飞机气动特性的变化情况。基于这些变化,分析损伤对飞机动力学特性的影响,建立损伤状态下的动力学方程,计算损伤飞机的失控时间,依此确定飞机的杀伤等级。本文所做研究可用于在飞机设计过程中分析其杀伤状态及杀伤等级,为飞机设计时飞机杀伤的分析评估提供一种有效的解法。     

美国国防转型所需航天武器系统的发展近况

美国国防转型对航天武器提出了更高的要求,转型的目标和能力都要依靠航天武器系统的支持才能得以实现。信息优势获取、作战力量增强、全球快速移动和快速交战与制胜,都需要依靠导弹和军用航天器技术的发展。因而,先进的航天武器系统是国防转型重要的物质基础;同时,转型的需求又将促进航天武器系统向更高的层次发展。     

统一分区加强解算法解物体穿越激波非定常流场

使用统一分区加强解算法求解非定常可压缩Navier-Stokes方程，模拟了物体分别以超音速和亚声速穿越与之同向运动激波的全过程，并且通过和单区计算结果的详细对比，说明统一分区加强解算法能够简便、有效的处理复杂几何外形和提高网格分辨率。