固体超强酸TiO2/SO2-4催化合成苹果酯-B

使用TiO2/SO2-4为催化剂,催化乙酰乙酸乙酯和1,2-丙二醇反应合成苹果酯-B.结果表明:使用该催化剂1.0 g,乙酰乙酸乙酯(0.077 mol)与1,2-丙二醇摩尔比为1∶1.2,环己烷15 ml,反应2.5 h,苹果酯-B产率达73%.产品经理化检验确认.     

固态染料敏化太阳能电池用聚苯胺-乙炔黑空穴导体的制备

以粘土状的聚苯胺-乙炔黑导电材料为空穴导体,制备了固态染料敏化太阳能电池.研究结果表明,将乙炔黑颗粒加入到聚苯胺电解质中,可明显提高该固态染料敏化太阳能电池的光电转换效率.这是由于加入的乙炔黑不仅可以提高聚苯胺电解质的空穴迁移率,改善其可润湿性,而且加强了电解质与光阳极以及对电极之间的界面接触性.最后,加入50%乙炔黑的聚苯胺电解质的电池光电转换效率达到了液态电池的48%.因此,聚苯胺-乙炔黑复合电解质可以作为有效的空穴导体材料,应用到固态染料敏化太阳能电池中.     

标准的与非线性的k-ε模型在二维剪切流中的应用

 采用标准 k-ε和非线性 k-ε模型对二维直通道及小曲率弯道中的剪切流进行了数值计算。与实验结果对比后得到 :由于非线性 k-ε模型考虑了流体变形与应力关系中的非线性项,因而能正确地反映湍流各向异性,能正确预测二维剪切流中湍流强度及湍流动能等参数的分布     

亚音扩压器壁面开槽技术的试验研究

 1.引言 流场分离控制技术是寻求有关装置性能改善的一个重要途径。本文探讨的亚音扩压器壁面局部开槽技术是多种附面层分离控制方法中的一种,早在60年代初就做了试验研究,至70年代中期,研究仍限于直壁扩压器内和对总体性能的测定及分析。之后,1983年就钝头体后体开槽从减阻角度对外流进行了试验研究,并对分离的控制现象提出了较形象的解释。本文     

侧滑边条翼旋涡和气动特性实验研究

本文综合一组小展弦比边条翼实验研究结果,给出不同展弦比机翼前缘脱体涡系变化,并分析涡绞合及破裂对气动特性的影响。研究表明,侧滑使机翼迎风侧涡绞合推迟,涡提前破裂,背风侧正好相反。侧滑时不对称涡破裂对气动特性影响显著。     

空间站的混合自适应控制

本文推导出两板空间站的连续传递矩阵左分解模型;在此基础上,建立了该空间站的一种极点配置混合自适应控制算法,通过计算机仿真验证了该算法的有效性和鲁棒性。     

标准电池滞后效应的研究

根据电极过程动力学的基本原理,推导出在不同条件下标准电池电动势的表达式。对标准电池电动势——温度滞后及充放电后电池电压的滞后效应作了较深入的研究,对引起滞后的原因给出了理论解释。从而指出滞后效应与电池内在因素(杂质、晶体盐尺寸、电池结构、活性物质等)之间的依赖关系。因此,滞后效应的大小可作为判断电池性能优劣的主要依据。     

Ultrastructural and geochemical characterization of Archean-Paleoproterozoic graphite particles: implications for recognizing traces of life in highly metamorphosed rocks

Abundant graphite particles occur in amphibolite-grade quartzite of the Archean-Paleoproterozoic Wutai Metamorphic Complex in the Wutaishan area of North China. Petrographic thin section observations suggest that the graphite particles occur within and between quartzite clasts and are heterogeneous in origin. Using HF maceration techniques, the Wutai graphite particles were extracted for further investigation. Laser Raman spectroscopic analysis of a population of extracted graphite discs indicated that they experienced a maximum metamorphic temperature of 513 +/- 50 degrees C, which is consistent with the metamorphic grade of the host rock and supports their indigenicity. Scanning and transmission electron microscopy revealed that the particles bear morphological features (such as hexagonal sheets of graphite crystals) related to metamorphism and crystal growth, but a small fraction of them (graphite discs) are characterized by a circular morphology, distinct marginal concentric folds, surficial wrinkles, and complex nanostructures. Ion microprobe analysis of individual graphite discs showed that their carbon isotope compositions range from -7.4 per thousand to -35.9 per thousand V-PDB (Vienna Pee Dee Belemnite), with an average of -20.3 per thousand, which is comparable to bulk analysis of extracted carbonaceous material. The range of their size, ultrastructures, and isotopic signatures suggests that the morphology and geochemistry of the Wutai graphite discs were overprinted by metamorphism and their ultimate carbon source probably had diverse origins that included abiotic processes. We considered both biotic and abiotic origins of the carbon source and graphite disc morphologies and cannot falsify the possibility that some circular graphite discs characterized by marginal folds and surficial wrinkles represent deflated, compressed, and subsequently graphitized organic-walled vesicles. Together with reports by other authors of acanthomorphic acritarchs from greenschist-amphibolite-grade metamorphic rocks, this study suggests that it is worthwhile to examine carbonaceous materials preserved in highly metamorphosed rocks for possible evidence of ancient life.     

伞—弹系统三体运动分析

理论上分析了末敏弹系统伞、伞盘、弹三刚体间的力学关系,考虑了系统的连接方式和约束、分析了伞绳弹性,建立了三体运动的数学模型,算例表明所描述的运动与实测运动规律和扫描特性相符,因此该模型可用于末敏弹总体和扫描装置的分析和设计。     

试验测定DFR的升降法方法

提出了试验测定结构件细节疲劳额定值(DFR)的升降法方法,可以充分估计并节约总试验时间.通过数值模拟比较了升降法数据处理的半子样极大似然法和马尔可夫方法.为满足可靠度要求,对半子样极大似然法估计的疲劳强度标准差进行了修正,并给出了保证95％可靠度的疲劳强度的置信度要求的最少试件数.最后给出了升降法确定DFR的表达式.