SiO2气凝胶制备条件正交优化设计及其热物性

利用溶胶-凝胶酸碱两步催化法和超临界干燥法制备了SiO2气凝胶.反应物的配比是影响SiO2气凝胶制备最主要的因素.为了得到热导率最小、密度最小的SiO2气凝胶,本文设计了一个4因素、3水平的正交实验确定去离子水、无水乙醇、HCI和氨水等反应物与正硅酸乙酯(TEOS)的摩尔比.同时为了保证所有实验均能在相同条件下发生,确定了其他实验参数.结果表明:SiO2气凝胶制备的最优反应摩尔配比为TEOS:去离子水:无水乙醇:HCl:NH3·H2O=1:4.5:10:0.0005:0.0018.这将为进一步探讨SiO2气凝胶制备工艺优化和热物性设计提供参考依据.     

空间调制光谱成像仪相对辐射校正方法研究

空间调制干涉光谱成像仪不同于其他类型光谱成像仪,其得到的是包含地物空间信息和光谱信息的立方体干涉数据。该光谱成像仪由于原理特殊,在轨数据定标方法尚不成熟。文中介绍了一种基于统计思想来计算探测器CCD辐射模型的在轨相对辐射校正方法,并通过对"环境一号"A卫星上测得的实际在轨数据进行相应的处理,来验证该相对辐射校正处理效果。结果表明该方法可以达到修正CCD响应不均匀性、光场不均匀性和减小非线性相位偏移的双重作用,提高复原光谱的精度。     

平流层飞艇太阳能源系统研究

以平流层太阳能飞艇平台为背景,对平流层太阳能飞艇能源系统展开了分析和研究。文中建立了飞艇表面太阳能电池接收太阳直接辐射、散射辐射、反射辐射的模型。利用该模型对某飞艇太阳能电池进行计算,结果显示飞艇接收的太阳辐射能量与飞艇的工作纬度、季节、太阳能电池阵列表面面积、飞行姿态密切相关。当飞艇的脊背从日出到日落时刻正对太阳光线时,太阳能电池接收到的太阳辐射能量将是最大的。     

Adaptive Nonlinear Optimal Compensation Control for Electro-hydraulic Load Simulator

 Directing to the strong position coupling problem of electro-hydraulic load simulator (EHLS), this article presents an adap-tive nonlinear optimal compensation control strategy based on two estimated nonlinear parameters, viz. the flow gain coeffi-cient of servo valve and total factors of flow-pressure coefficient. Taking trace error of torque control system to zero as control object, this article designs the adaptive nonlinear optimal compensation control strategy, which regards torque control output of closed-loop controller converging to zero as the control target, to optimize torque tracking performance. Electro-hydraulic load simulator is a typical case of the torque system which is strongly coupled with a hydraulic positioning system. This article firstly builds and analyzes the mathematical models of hydraulic torque and positioning system, then designs an adaptive nonlinear optimal compensation controller, proves the validity of parameters estimation, and shows the comparison data among three control structures with various typical operating conditions, including proportion-integral-derivative (PID) controller only, the velocity synchronizing controller plus PID controller and the proposed adaptive nonlinear optimal compensation controller plus PID controller. Experimental results show that systems’ nonlinear parameters are estimated exactly using the proposed method, and the trace accuracy of the torque system is greatly enhanced by adaptive nonlinear optimal compensation control, and the torque servo system capability against sudden disturbance can be greatly improved.     

复杂外形的非结构四面体网格生成算法

本文改进一类经典的三维Delaunay网格生成算法,给出鲁棒的Bowyer-Watson增量插点内核;针对保形边界恢复和约束边界恢复难题提出完备的解决方案。结合光滑化和拓扑变换,对初始Delaunay网格进行后处理,提升了最终网格的几何质量。实验表明,本文算法鲁棒可靠,可用于复杂外形飞行器的高质量计算网格生成。     

一种基于类间方差的地平线检测算法

 针对视觉导航中用于微型飞行器（MAV）稳定飞行控制的地平线提取问题,提出一种基于类间方差的地平线检测算法。该算法使用角度和距离两个变量进行图像中直线的穷举,选取像素的蓝色分量作为区分天地的特征,利用类间方差构造判别准则进行直线的最优选择,从而实现地平线的检测。实验结果表明：与基于色彩协方差矩阵的地平线检测算法相比,本文算法对地平线检测的平均角度误差减少1°,距离误差减少3个像素,角度和距离参数的检测正确率分别提高1.98%和4.95%,且具有良好的速度特性。     

激光焊接ZL114A/5A06 异种铝合金接头组织及性能

采用激光焊接ZL114A/5A06异种铝合金,通过参数优化以获得性能优良的焊接接头,利用光学显微镜(OM)、拉力试验机、高温疲劳试验机、SEM和EDS对接头的显微组织、力学性能和拉伸断口进行了研究。结果表明:焊缝中心区的金相组织为等轴晶;接头焊后不经热处理,抗拉强度可达到265 MPa,为母材强度的80%以上,并有很好的抗疲劳性能;断口分析显示断裂位置在ZL114A母材一侧的熔合线附近;在保证焊透的前提下,激光功率越小,晶粒越细小,接头强度越高。对框架蒙皮结构铝合金贮箱产品试验件进行了焊接,试验件达到了产品各项性能指标要求。     

近圆参考轨道卫星编队的安全性

针对近圆参考轨道卫星,利用相对轨道要素对编队构形进行了统一描述,提出了编队卫星在垂直于轨道平面方向相对运动最小距离的计算公式,分析了J2摄动对卫星编队安全性的影响。仿真结果表明环绕星在轨道平面内和垂直于轨道平面内的相位差对编队安全性的影响较大,给出的提高编队卫星安全性的措施可为卫星编队的实际工程应用提供参考。     

TLE数据误差与基于TLE数据的交会预报分析

目前普遍使用TLE数据进行在轨物体的危险交会预报. TLE数据误差不仅会影响交会预报的准确性, 还是计算碰撞概率的必要参数, 因此, 只有准确估计TLE数据误差, 才能得到可信的碰撞概率数值. 本文采用两种方法, 即TLE数据自比和与高精度轨道预报数据相比较的方法, 计算TLE数据误差, 并分别利用TLE数据和高精度数据计算同一交会, 比较两种数据预报的交会结果差异. 结果表明, 采用TLE根数自比方法的计算误差偏小, 而使用精轨数据作为校准数据所得到的TLE误差更接近真实误差, 计算碰撞概率更为合理, 有利于减少虚警.      

Design of an innovative multi-stage forming process for a complex aeronautical thin-walled part with very small radii

In this paper, an aeronautical thin-walled part with a complex geometry which has several sharp bends and curvatures in different directions was investigated. This kind of part is difficult to be manufactured only in one stage. Therefore, an innovative multi-stage active hydroforming process assisted by the rigid forming method was designed. In addition, an optimized blank geometry is obtained. In fact, the main focused point of this paper is to propose a new small radius rounded corner forming technique and analyze the mechanism. Two kinds of forming modes of changing a big rounded corner into a small one, which are related to different tangential positions of the die in the process of calibration, are analyzed theoretically. Meanwhile, the stress and strain states of the deformation region are compared. The relationships between the minimum relative radii of rounded corners I and II in the first stage and the hydraulic pressure are calculated by the bending theory. Finally, the influences of the tensile-bulging effect and the interface condition of the double-layer sheet on the forming quality of the specimen are investigated. The achieved results can make a foundation for utilizing the proposed method in forming of thin-walled parts with very small radii.