“嫦娥三号”探测器月尘环境分析及试验要求

"嫦娥三号"是我国首个成功实施地外天体表面就位探测的航天器,在其研制过程中充分考虑了月面环境对探测器的影响,开展了针对性设计及地面验证工作。文章综述了探测器针对月尘环境方面的设计因素,总结了月面月尘激扬的因素及其相关数值分析工作,对月尘验证试验的设计及条件制定进行了说明。相关结果或工作思路可为后续月面探测器及火星表面探测器的研制提供参考。     

螺旋波电推进的搭载试验装置结构设计与分析

螺旋波是未来空间电推进系统极具吸引力的电离源之一,逐渐受到国内外高度关注。为进一步验证其可靠性,考虑进行螺旋波电推进的搭载试验。文章对螺旋波电推进搭载试验装置的支撑结构进行了详细的设计与分析,并采用有限元软件进行了力学计算,以验证结构设计的合理性。     

Study on O2 generation and CO2 absorption capability of four co-cultured salad plants in an enclosed system

The ability to generate O₂ and absorb CO₂ of several co-cultured vegetable plants in an enclosed system was studied to provide theoretical reference for the future man-plant integrated tests. Four kinds of salad plants (Lactuca sativa L. var. Dasusheng, Lactuca sativa L. var. Youmaicai, Gynura bicolor and Cichorium endivia L.) were grown in the CELSS Integration Test Platform (CITP). The environmental factors including O₂ and CO₂ concentration were continuously monitored on-line and the plant biomass was measured at the end of the test. The changing rules of O₂ and CO₂ concentration in the system were basically understood and it was found that the O₂ generated by the plants could satisfy the respiratory needs of 1.75 persons by calculation. It was also found that the plants could absorb the CO₂ breathed out by 2 persons when the light intensity was raised to 550 mmol m⁻² s⁻¹ PPF. The results showed that the co-cultured plants hold good compatibility and excellent O₂-generating and CO₂-absorbing capability. They could also supply some fresh edible vegetable for a 2-person crew.     

微小型无人直升机避障最优轨迹规划

针对无人直升机在低空复杂环境下避障飞行问题,提出了一种基于非线性最优控制理论的求解策略.以避障机动飞行时间为优化目标,无人直升机六自由度非线性动力学方程为等式约束,直升机飞行性能限制以及三维空间中障碍物限制等因素为不等式约束,建立了避障机动飞行的最优控制模型.然后利用高斯伪谱法（GPM,Gauss Pseudospectral Method）将轨迹规划问题转化为非线性规划（NLP,Non-Linear Programming）问题,并采用序列二次规划算法进行求解.在此基础上研究了障碍物尺寸对最优轨迹的影响.计算结果表明,该方法能够以较高的精度生成真实可行的避障飞行轨迹,最优机动动作取决于障碍物纵横向尺寸比.      

橡胶O形圈密封结构的有限元分析

建立固体火箭发动机的橡胶O形圈的二维轴对称模型,采用非线性有限元方法计算了O形橡胶圈在库存和工作状态的变形及应力,分析了上下法兰张开间隙、初始压缩量、密封槽口及槽底倒角半径、密封槽宽、密封圈材料、O形圈截面尺寸及工作温度等典型参数对密封性能的影响:上下法兰张开间隙、密封圈的初始压缩率、密封圈材料等典型参数对最大接触压应力影响较大,而密封槽槽口和槽底处倒角对剪切应力影响明显.这些分析为密封结构的优化设计打下了基础;同时探讨O形圈应力分布规律,确定密封圈易受损和失效关键部位,初步确立了固体火箭发动机密封失效准则和失效模式.     

基于模糊逻辑的预测再入制导方法

在研究再入飞行器预测制导基础上,针对实时性要求,提出了一种基于模糊逻辑系统的模糊预测制导方法.首先研究分析了再入飞行器落点纵程与飞行高度、弹道倾角三者之间的联系;设计了以再入飞行器落点偏差和飞行高度为输入,弹道倾角角速度为输出的模糊逻辑系统;并在此基础上根据专家经验制定模糊规则,设计模糊预测制导算法.该方法避免了一般预测制导在形成弹道倾角修正指令时所需要的大量迭代运算,有效减小了预测制导指令的解算时间,为再入飞行器在再入过程中全程使用预测制导提供了可能.仿真结果表明:该方法实时性好,落点精度高,抗干扰能力强,且具有一定的工程实用价值.      

激光跟踪仪在交会对接微波雷达多径试验中的应用

交会对接微波雷达多径试验是在地面模拟两个飞行器在轨交会对接过程中由舱体表面及遮挡对微波信号造成反射干扰的一种试验,其目的是验证激光雷达系统功能及安装位置的合理性。在近20 m远的距离上,对飞行器舱体上的微波雷达天线和微波应答天线进行角度及距离的精确测量。文章通过对试验环境、测量项目分析及不同精测方案比对,采用激光跟踪仪直接测量舱体结构,获得了准确的基准数据,有助于指导微波雷达在飞船轨道舱上的精确安装和提高交会对接微波雷达多径试验的精度。激光跟踪仪首次应用于交会对接微波雷达多径试验,相比经纬仪在航天器基准测量中具有更大的优势。     

气动加热与热响应耦合分析及试验研究

文章介绍了Ma（马赫数）＜6的飞行器典型部位的气动加热与热响应耦合分析及试验验证技术。气动加热计算模块采用的是工程算法,同时将其集成到自主开发的结构有限元三维温度场计算ASTSA软件平台上,实现了气动加热与热响应耦合分析功能。在结构地面热试验方面,成功研发了全方程热流密度PLC控制热模拟试验系统,并利用该系统进行了高速飞行器结构气动加热与热响应耦合地面模拟试验。试验与数值分析的结果对比显示,二者吻合较好,验证了本数值分析方法的正确性。     

The PROCESS experiment: an astrochemistry laboratory for solid and gaseous organic samples in low-earth orbit

The PROCESS (PRebiotic Organic ChEmistry on the Space Station) experiment was part of the EXPOSE-E payload outside the European Columbus module of the International Space Station from February 2008 to August 2009. During this interval, organic samples were exposed to space conditions to simulate their evolution in various astrophysical environments. The samples used represent organic species related to the evolution of organic matter on the small bodies of the Solar System (carbonaceous asteroids and comets), the photolysis of methane in the atmosphere of Titan, and the search for organic matter at the surface of Mars. This paper describes the hardware developed for this experiment as well as the results for the glycine solid-phase samples and the gas-phase samples that were used with regard to the atmosphere of Titan. Lessons learned from this experiment are also presented for future low-Earth orbit astrochemistry investigations.     

压电悬臂梁智能元数字仿真模型设计及分析

针对在薄壳结构上层合压电传感器与作动器的智能结构系统进行振动控制问题,提出了一种专用的数字电路化智能元仿真模型进行振动特性分析的新方法.以压电悬臂梁系统为例,利用有限差分方法将主体结构、压电传感信号及压电控制力矩的动力学偏微分方程转化为智能元差分方程;建立基于Newmark-β积分方法的智能元数学矩阵模型;在DSP数字电路系统上设计智能元仿真系统;对不同差分密度和积分时间步长下系统各个模态的输出特性进行了分析,并与相关文献中采用不同控制方法的模拟电路仿真结果进行了比较,取得了更精确的结果.该方法为压电结构系统的振动特性仿真分析提供了新途径.