把握需求 实现双赢——本刊总编辑刘柱与德国西门子自动化与驱动集团运动控制部全球航空航天业务总经理Dirk Rabeneck对话

作为西门子公司中最大的集团之一和西门子工业领域的重要组成部分,西门子自动化与驱动集团(A&D)可谓是自动化和驱动领域的行业领军企业,而运动控制部又是其核心.在第九届中国国际机床工具展览会(CIMES 2008)前夕,本刊专访了西门子自动化与驱动集团(A&D)运动控制部全球航空航天业务总经理Dirk Rabeneck先生,就A&D在全球航空航天领域的发展等问题展开对话.     

－类非线性微分方程解空间显易结构的唯一性

对所有形如的方程的集合Ｅ（Ｄ），引入线性变换群Ｇ（Ｄ），从而将Ｅ（Ｄ）进行等价分类，并由此提出解空间显易结构唯一性概念，指出Ｂｅｒｎｏｕｌｌｉ类方程具第一显易结构，但其显易结构不唯一，而任何非Ｂｅｒｎｏｕｌｌｉ类方程着具显易结构，则其显易结构必唯一．     

Mo-Ti梯度功能材料的显微组织特征研究

应用电子探针(EPMA)、扫描电镜(SEM)和能谱仪(EDS)对共沉降法制备的Mo—Ti梯度功能材料的化学成分分布、显微组织和断口形貌进行了研究。结果表明，试验材料整体致密，化学元素分布、显微组织和断口形貌具有梯度变化特征。富Mo区颗粒以机械混合的形式存在；以Mo为主要组分的Mo—Ti梯度层，也是以机械混合为主；以Ti为主要组分的Mo—Ti梯度层，主要以多边形β相存在；富钛区钛主要以球形α相存在。富Mo区为沿晶脆性断裂，富Ti区为典型的穿晶解理断裂，Mo—Ti梯度层以穿晶解理断裂为主，还表现出延性断裂特征。     

基于Mie散射理论的水滴平均直径测量

冰风洞实验时,为了更精确地模拟实验环境,需要精确测量喷头喷出水滴的直径,为此,开发了一套激光束发射装置并基于Mie散射理论编制了水滴直径计算程序.在水滴流场的环境中,激光束发生散射,间隔Δt的时间反复实验获得多个时刻的散射光强分布图.应用自行开发的计算程序对已获得的多组散射光强分布图进行计算处理,得到同一截面不同时刻的多组水滴平均直径.利用Newton插值法对上述多组水滴平均直径进行插值,拟合出不同时刻水滴直径的连续变化曲线,对该曲线求积分平均值,获得该截面水滴的平均直径.为检验实验装置和计算程序的准确性,对某加湿器喷水系统进行实验测量,测量结果与产品说明中提供的数据吻合良好,表明该测量装置和计算程序可行.     

一种转台低速检测电路设计

转台低速性能的提高对转台低速检测方法提出了新的要求,本文针对转台低速检测要求设计了基于LS7266R1的转台低速检测电路,详细介绍了电路的工作原理和具体实现方法。该电路采用LS7266R1的增/减计数功能,以单片机为控制核心,通过对编码器细分信号的分频计数来实现速率转台指定角度间隔脉冲输出。经过调试验证,该电路可以在转台低速检测或定角度脉冲输出中应用,调试结果可以满足实际应用要求。     

Study on ballistic penetration resistance of titanium alloy TC4, Part II: Numerical analysis

Enhancing containment capability and reducing weight are always great concerns in the design of casings. Ballistic tests can help to mitigate a catastrophic event after a blade out, yet taking time and costing money. A wise way is to hunt for a validated numerical simulation technology, through which the material dynamic behavior over the strain rate range in the ballistic tests should be represented and reasonable failure strain should be defined. The simulation results show that the validation of the numerical simulation technology based on the test data can accurately estimate the absorption energy, describe the physical process and failure mode during the penetration, as well as the failure mechanism. It is found that energy dissipation of projectiles is in manner of compression stage, energy conversion stage, and interactive scrap stage. An effect indicator is proposed, where the factors of critical velocity including impact orientation and mass of projectiles and thickness of casings are considered. The critical velocity presents a linear relation with the effect indicator, which implies the critical velocity obtained by the flat casing could underestimate the capability of the real casing.     

Multiple model particle flter track-before-detect for range ambiguous radar

The middle pulse repetition frequency（MPRF）and high pulse repetition frequency（HPRF）modes are widely adopted in airborne pulse Doppler（PD）radar systems,which results in the problem that the range measurement of targets is ambiguous.The existing data processing based range ambiguity resolving methods work well on the condition that the signal-to-noise ratio（SNR）is high enough.In this paper,a multiple model particle flter（MMPF）based track-beforedetect（TBD）method is proposed to address the problem of target detection and tracking with range ambiguous radar in low-SNR environment.By introducing a discrete variable that denotes whether a target is present or not and the discrete pulse interval number（PIN）as components of the target state vector,and modeling the incremental variable of the PIN as a three-state Markov chain,the proposed algorithm converts the problem of range ambiguity resolving into a hybrid state fltering problem.At last,the hybrid fltering problem is implemented by a MMPF-based TBD method in the Bayesian framework.Simulation results demonstrate that the proposed Bayesian approach can estimate target state as well as the PIN simultaneously,and succeeds in detecting and tracking weak targets with the range ambiguous radar.Simulation results also show that the performance of the proposed method is superior to that of the multiple hypothesis（MH）method in low-SNR environment.     

星载多波束接收天线自适应宽带校正方法

射频通道的不一致性会严重影响阵列天线的性能,因此必须对各通道的失配进行补偿,提高各通道的幅相一致性。对星载多波束天线宽带接收通道而言,其不一致性表现为各通道频率响应的失配。针对星载应用,提出一种基于自适应滤波器的离线宽带校正方法,对通道间的失配进行补偿。同时分别对最小均方(LMS)算法及递归最小二乘(RLS)算法进行计算机仿真,并对两种算法的校正效果进行对比。分析校正效果与自适应滤波器抽头数之间的关系,并比较校正前后天线方向图性能指标。仿真结果表明,提出的方法能有效校正通道间的失配。     

航天器真空热试验人员窒息预想事故的事故树分析

事故树分析法具有逻辑性强、形象化的特点,将安全事故与原因用逻辑树图的方式表现出来,能够系统分析安全事故产生的原因,明确安全管理工作的重点。文章对航天器真空热试验人员窒息预想事故进行了事故树分析,分析了导致事故发生的基本事件,求取了最小割集、最小径集,并对基本事件进行了结构重要度分析,根据分析结果提出了安全预防措施的建议。     

实施数控机床增效工程 提升军工核心制造能力——国防科技工业千台数控机床增效工程阶段总结会议召开

"十一五"期间,原国防科工委针对高档数控机床使用效率不高的共性问题,在国防基础科研计划中安排了"数控加工工艺优化"等技术的攻关,取得了明显的效果,数控加工效率成倍提高.