适应多样化军事任务需要 提高直升机维修保障能力

分析了新形势下直升机在多样化军事行动中的使命任务,总结了目前多样化军事行动中直升机维修保障存在的问题。为适应多样化军事任务需要,提出了提高直升机维修保障能力的措施。     

带鸭翼的弹性高超声速飞行器非线性控制

高超声速飞行器纵向静不稳定、非最小相位和突出的弹性效应等特性给飞行器控制系统设计带来严峻挑战。针对该问题,文中采取鸭翼作为附加俯仰控制舵面与升降舵进行联动控制的策略,以改善高超声速飞行器的非最小相位特性和严重的弹性效应,从而达到提高控制性能的目的。首先,给出了考虑弹性模态的高超声速飞行器动力学模型;其次,研究了鸭翼对飞行器非最小相位特性以及弹性模态响应的影响,并给出合适的鸭翼布局位置和鸭翼/升降舵联动增益参数;最后,采用基于反馈线性化方法和LQR理论的非线性控制器对弹性飞行器进行控制,对比分析了鸭翼联动控制对闭环控制性能的改善作用。研究结果表明,合理的鸭翼配置可以缓解系统的非最小相位特性带来的不利影响,同时避免了控制输入对特定弹性模态的激励,从而达到提高弹性高超声速飞行器控制性能的目的。     

Space object material identification method of hyperspectral imaging based on Tucker decomposition

Space object material identification method based on Tucker decomposition is proposed and demonstrated experimentally. Space target generally has a low spatial resolution because of the limitation in detection distance. Hyperspectral imaging (HSI) technology can capture the image from visible light to shortwave infrared continuously while providing the spatial and spectral information of the target, thereby introducing a new space target detection and identification approach. However, the data obtained by the HSI system often contain mixed pixels, thereby causing difficulties in target material identification. In this work, a material identification method of hyperspectral data based on Tucker decomposition is proposed by combining mixed spectral theory with tensor decomposition. The feasibility of the method is verified by using satellite model hyperspectral data with different spatial resolutions compared with the endmember obtained from the non-negative matrix decomposition (NMF), independent component analysis (ICA), tensor singular value decomposition (t-SVD). The average CORR of NMF, ICA, t-SVD and the proposed method is 0.2694, 0.5818, 0.6397 and 0.937, correspondingly. Therefore, the proposed method has demonstrated a more remarkable performance in terms of material identification, the analysis results of the material abundance distribution that used the proposed method.     

Ground-based and satellite DC-ULF electric field anomalies around Wenchuan M8.0 earthquake

The ground-based and satellite DC-ULF electric field data were analyzed around Wenchuan M8.0 earthquake on May 12, 2008 in China. The results show that ground electric field anomalies occurred at 3 stations located to the north and south of the epicenter with the amplitude of 3–100 mV/km. The change shapes and their amplitude of ground electric field anomalies are different largely due to their individual underground layer conductivity, water level and so on. The analysis of long time series illustrates that the abnormal geoelectric field started since March 2008. Onboard the DEMETER satellite, the ULF waveforms of electric field were collected and processed by wavelet transform method. The disturbances in the ionosphere were about 3–5 mV/m at a frequency band lower than 0.5 Hz. When the ground and space electric field anomalies were compared, their occurrence time and spatial distribution points are consistent with each other, including the long time anomalies from March 2008 and the short term ones 1–2 days before the Wenchuan earthquake. Finally, the coupling mechanism was discussed.     

Time-varying linear control for tiltrotor aircraft

Tiltrotor aircraft have three flight modes: helicopter mode, airplane mode, and transition mode. A tiltrotor has characteristics of highly nonlinear, time-varying flight dynamics and inertial/control couplings in its transition mode. It can transit from the helicopter mode to the airplane mode by tilting its nacelles, and an effective controller is crucial to accomplish tilting transition missions. Longitudinal dynamic characteristics of the tiltrotor are described by a nonlinear Lagrange-form model, which takes into account inertial/control couplings and aerodynamic interferences. Reference commands for airspeed velocity and attitude in the transition mode are calculated dynamically by visiting a command library which is founded in advance by analyzing the flight envelope of the tiltrotor. A Time-Varying Linear (TVL) model is obtained using a Taylor-expansion based online linearization technique from the nonlinear model. Subsequently, based on an optimal control concept, an online optimization based control method with input constraints considered is proposed. To validate the proposed control method, three typical tilting transition missions are simulated using the nonlinear model of XV-15 tiltrotor aircraft. Simulation results show that the controller can be used to control the tiltrotor throughout its operating envelop which includes a transition flight, and can also deal with vertical gust disturbances.     

微波中功率测量技术发展综述

介绍了耦合衰减法和量热法两种主要的微波中功率测量方法的原理及国内外发展现状，总结了它们各自的特点。指出量热法在微波中功率高准确度测量方面更具优势，可作为建立微波中功率计量标准的优先研究方向之一。     

月球表面粗糙度的分形表征

文中采用"嫦娥一号"卫星探测器返回的激光高程计的数据,从研究月球表面的分形特征出发,选取月球表面的湿海区域进行研究,通过对激光高度计的原始数据进行处理,并利用SPSS统计软件对这两组数据进行拟合得到最佳的拟合模型。结果指出:1)分维可以作为一个独立的表征参量来表征粗糙表面的平缓程度。2)由拟合结果图可知,对于月球表面的湿海区域,分维与粗糙度存在单调递增关系,即分维值越大,区域表面越粗糙,表面起伏变化也越剧烈;并通过分析得出湿海区域的地形起伏较大。3)通过分维值D与粗糙度之间的关系式,对于某区域的任意一段轮廓,可以通过计算分维值D得出该轮廓的粗糙度值。同样的,对任一粗糙度值,可以求出相应的分维值以及该轮廓的具体纬度值位置。4)对于月球表面的其他区域,同样可以得出他们之间的相关性,从而达到研究月表地貌演化过程的目的。     

基于混杂系统的空间飞行器悬停控制

基于空间飞行器的轨道动力学原理,利用混杂系统模型研究了悬停轨道问题,建立了悬停轨道的混杂系统模型;借此模型,针对目标星轨道为椭圆的情况,提出了等距离悬停轨道控制和椭圆悬停轨道控制两种方案,分别推导出在这两种方案下对悬停星所施加的控制力。数值仿真结果表明,分别对悬停星施加相应的控制力,能够实现对目标星的悬停。     

卫星结构悬浮式设计方案的热变形抑制作用分析

基于阻尼柔性连接装置的卫星结构悬浮式设计方案旨在既不降低结构完整性和支撑强度,又能为热应力提供释放空间,同时提供较高的阻尼以保证结构的振动抑制要求。文章从柔性连接的热应力释放机理出发,分析了影响卫星结构(主要是敏感仪器)热变形的主要因素,并且给出了复杂结构的设计准则。理论分析结果表明结构悬浮式设计方案可以有效改善敏感仪器的热变形情况,并且可以通过调整各部分的刚度来获得不同的抑制效果。最后通过实例证明了这种分析方法的有效性。