超高强度钢30CrMnSiNi2A的氢脆敏感性试验

采用延迟破坏、测氢含量、扫描电镜分析及冲击拉伸试验等方法,研究了超高强度钢30CrMnSiNi2A的氢脆敏感性。试验结果表明,30CrMnSiNi2A钢在甲醇或丙酮裂解气氛中保护加热油淬有明显氢脆现象,但只要及时回火,氢脆基本消除,性能达到合格。试验结果为生产提供了实验依据。     

基于飞机装配型架的气动定位器的设计

利用气动定位器解决了飞机装配型架中手动定位操作困难的问题,它将传统型架设计与气动传动、PLC控制有机结合,自动化程度高,操作安全简便,工作高效,可降低98％的劳动强度,尤其适合于定位器工作通路不好、工作位置高以及工作行程长的情况下使用,在飞机装配领域有很大的应用空间。     

A laboratory study on the thermally induced transformation of hydrogen cyanide (HCN) to the cyanogen anion (CN) in Solar System analog ices

Mixtures of molecular nitrogen and methane have been identified in numerous outer Solar Systemices including the icy surfaces of Pluto and Triton. We have simulated the interaction of ionizing radiation in the Solar System by carrying out a radiolysis experiment on a methane – molecular nitrogen ice mixture with energetic electrons. We have identified the hydrogen cyanide molecule as the most prominent carbon–nitrogen-bearing reaction product formed. Upon warming the irradiated sample, we followed for the first time the kinetics and temporal evolution of the underlying acid–base chemistry which resulted in the formation of the cyanide ion from hydrogen cyanide. On the surfaces of Triton and Pluto and on comets in Oort’s cloud this sort of complex chemistry is likely to occur. In particular, hydrogen cyanide can be produced in low temperature environments (Oort cloud comets) and may be converted into cyanide ions once the comets reach the warmer regions of the Solar System.     

Using high-energy proton fluence to improve risk prediction for consequences of solar particle events

The potential for exposure to large solar particle events (SPEs) with high energy levels is a major concern during interplanetary transfer and extra-vehicular activities (EVAs) on the lunar and Mars surface. Previously, we have used data from the last 5 solar cycles to estimate percentiles of dose to a typical blood-forming organ (BFO) for a hypothetical astronaut in a nominally shielded spacecraft during a 120-d lunar mission. As part of this process, we made use of complete energy spectra for 34 large historical SPEs to calculate what the BFO mGy-Eq dose would have been in the above lunar scenario for each SPE. From these calculated doses, we then developed a prediction model for BFO dose based solely on an assumed value of integrated fluence above 30 MeV (Φ₃₀) for an otherwise unspecified future SPE. In this study, we reasoned that since BFO dose is determined more by protons with higher energies than by those with lower energies, more accurate BFO dose prediction models could be developed using integrated fluence above 60 (Φ₆₀) and above 100 MeV (Φ₁₀₀) as predictors instead of Φ₃₀. However to calculate the unconditional probability of a BFO dose exceeding a pre-specified limit (“BFO dose risk”), one must also take into account the distribution of the predictor (Φ_30,Φ₆₀, or Φ₁₀₀), as estimated from historical SPEs. But Φ₆₀ and Φ₁₀₀ have more variability, and less available historical information on which to estimate their distributions over many SPE occurrences, than does Φ₃₀. Therefore, when estimating BFO dose risk there is a tradeoff between increased BFO dose prediction at a given energy threshold and decreased accuracy of models for describing the distribution of that threshold over future SPEs as the threshold increases. Even when taking the second of these two factors into account, we still arrived at the conclusion that overall prediction improves as the energy level threshold increases from 30 to 60 to 100 MeV. These results can be applied to the development of approaches to improve radiation protection of astronauts and the optimization of mission planning for future space missions.     

Coronal fast wave trains of the decimetric type IV radio event observed during the decay phase of the June 6, 2000 flare

The 22 min long decimetric type IV radio event observed during the decay phase of the June 6, 2000 flare simultaneously by the Brazilian Solar Spectroscope (BSS) and the Ond?ejov radiospectrograph in frequency range 1200–4500 MHz has been analyzed. We have found that the characteristic periods of about 60 s belong to the long-period spectral component of the fast wave trains with a tadpole pattern in their wavelet power spectra. We have detected these trains in the whole frequency range 1200–4500 MHz. The behavior of individual wave trains at lower frequencies is different from that at higher frequencies. These individual wave trains have some common as well as different properties. In this paper, we focus on two examples of wave trains in a loop segment and the main statistical parameters in their wavelet power and global spectra are studied and discussed.     

圆柱绕流尾迹中涡的特征分析

在低雷诺数圆柱绕流中,卡门涡街中涡的形状随着其向下游的发展是不断变化的,而且它也不是理想轴对称的.针对该问题,利用有限元法进行数值模拟,研究了由涡量等值线表示的涡的形状特征.由流场中几种等值线的对比可以得到,主要是涡量等值线与压力等值线之间的差异造成了涡的形状变化.利用广义的茹柯夫斯基变换描述涡相对于轴对称的变形状态.结果表明,描述涡的主要3个参数随半径的变化规律不同,即椭圆率的抛物形分布,偏心率的线性分布和弯度的近似常量的分布.在此基础上给出了3个参数各自对应的运动学量表达式,两者对比的结果还是比较相符的.     

吹风比和曲率对旋转曲面气膜冷却效率影响

采用数值模拟方法,对旋转状态下曲率表面的气膜冷却进行研究.通过不同的曲率半径和吹风比,得到了冷却效率的分布情况,从而获得吹风比和曲率两因素对气膜冷却效率的影响规律.研究结果表明:低吹风比下,冷却效率较好;高吹风比下,气膜容易脱离壁面;凸表面的冷却效率随着曲率半径的增加而逐渐减小;而凹表面的冷却效率随着曲率半径的增加而逐渐增大;凸表面上曲率的影响作用随着旋转数的增加而逐渐弱化;而凹表面上曲率的作用随着旋转数的增大而逐渐增强.     

旋转数对凸表面气膜冷却影响的实验分析

采用圆弧模型,测量了旋转状态下凸表面气膜冷却效率 η _ad和换热系数 h _f的分布规律,重点研究旋转数 Rt=ωD/u_∞ 对气膜冷却的影响.叶片表面温度采用先进的液晶测温技术进行测量.结果表明:①在旋转离心力和哥氏力的共同作用下,气膜轨迹向高半径方向发生了明显的偏移,并且转速越高偏移角度越大;②旋转使得气膜冷却效率降低,换热系数上升;③在旋转状态下,气膜发生了分离再附壁的现象.     

主燃级喷嘴和燃油分级后雾化特性实验研究(“两机”专刊)

为优化高温升主燃烧室燃烧性能,对三级旋流主燃烧室开展雾化特性试验研究。预燃级喷嘴采用离心喷嘴压力雾化和气动雾化相结合,主燃级采用预膜式气动雾化。试验采用相位多普勒粒子分析仪对主预燃级喷嘴和燃油分级后的雾化特性进行研究,对比分析了不同头部压降和燃油流量在不同轴向截面和径向位置的液滴粒径分布,并利用高速摄像对不同工况下的喷雾形态进行了记录。试验结果表明：主燃级油雾粒径为50~80μm,气液比达到3.5即可达到良好的雾化水平。随着轴向距离延长,喷雾粒径变大,喷雾浓度变得均匀。燃油分级比增加可降低整体粒径约10μm,且主要影响中心区域,对雾锥外侧粒径影响不大。     

基于MAS和RL的舰船设备协同控制方法

在构建舰船设备协同控制多智能体系统(MAS)过程中,各Agent之间存在某种内在的冲突、联系和规律,为了有效地发现和消解这些问题,引入智能控制解决方案和强化学习方法,能为MAS系统的构建提供有效的技术保障.本文提出了基于强化学习(RL)算法即改进的遗传算法并辅之以贝叶斯学习算法,来解决舰船MAS中各Agent中的任务分配问题、实现设备协同控制的优化和学习,并以舰船运动目标下的设备协同控制来具体验证上述算法,从而体现舰船运动控制MAS的可行性.